Amino acids

Definition

Amino acids are organic compounds that serve as the building blocks of proteins. Each amino acid contains an amino group, a carboxyl group, and a unique side chain (R-group).

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. There are 20 standard amino acids used in protein synthesis.
2. Amino acids link together via peptide bonds to form polypeptides.
3. The sequence of amino acids in a protein determines its structure and function.
4. Essential amino acids cannot be synthesized by the body and must be obtained from the diet.
5. The R-group of each amino acid determines its chemical properties and role in proteins.

Review Questions

• What is the primary structure of a protein determined by?
• How do amino acids bond together to form proteins?
• Why are essential amino acids important for human health?

Related terms

Peptide Bond: A covalent bond that links two amino acids together in a protein chain.

Polypeptide:

A long chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds that makes up proteins.

R-Group: The variable side chain attached to the alpha carbon of an amino acid, determining its specific characteristics.