Activators

Definition

Activators are proteins that increase the transcription of specific genes. They bind to DNA sequences called enhancers and help recruit RNA polymerase to the promoter.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Activators play a crucial role in the regulation of gene expression in prokaryotes.
2. They can interact with other proteins, such as co-activators, to enhance gene transcription.
3. An example of an activator in prokaryotes is the catabolite activator protein (CAP), which regulates the lac operon.
4. Activators often work by inducing conformational changes in DNA that facilitate the binding of RNA polymerase.
5. Their activity can be modulated by small molecules or environmental signals.

Review Questions

• What role do activators play in gene transcription?
• How do activators interact with RNA polymerase?
• Can you name an example of an activator involved in prokaryotic gene regulation?

Related terms

Repressor:

Proteins that bind to operator regions and inhibit gene transcription.

Enhancer: DNA sequence that activators bind to, increasing the likelihood of transcription.

RNA Polymerase: The enzyme responsible for transcribing RNA from a DNA template.