Second Style

Definition

The Second Style refers to a significant phase of Roman wall painting that emerged during the late 1st century BCE and continued into the early 1st century CE. This artistic style is characterized by a shift from the elaborate, decorative patterns of the First Style to more illusionistic and three-dimensional representations, often creating the illusion of architectural spaces and landscapes.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Second Style is often referred to as the 'Architectural Style' because it aimed to create the illusion of open spaces and architectural elements within interior walls.
2. Common themes in Second Style paintings include landscapes, mythological scenes, and intricate architectural details, showcasing a strong sense of perspective.
3. Notable examples of Second Style murals can be found in sites like Pompeii, particularly in the Villa of the Mysteries, which displays complex narrative scenes.
4. This style marked a significant advancement in artistic techniques, incorporating elements such as shadows and depth to enhance realism in art.
5. The popularity of the Second Style was influenced by Hellenistic art and architecture, reflecting a cultural exchange between Rome and Greece.

Review Questions

• How did the Second Style differ from the First Style in terms of artistic techniques and themes?
  • The Second Style differs significantly from the First Style mainly through its focus on illusionism rather than simple decorative patterns. While the First Style aimed to replicate expensive materials like marble with painted plaster, the Second Style introduced a more complex approach that created three-dimensional space on flat surfaces. This included realistic architectural features, landscapes, and narratives that provided viewers with an immersive experience, moving beyond mere decoration to engage with depth and perspective.
• What are some specific examples of subjects commonly depicted in Second Style murals, and how do they reflect the values or interests of Roman society at that time?
  • Second Style murals often depicted themes such as mythological stories, nature scenes, and intricate architectural elements. These subjects reflect Roman society's interests in mythology, cultural heritage, and an appreciation for beauty and sophistication in domestic spaces. The inclusion of landscapes and architecture not only enhanced visual appeal but also demonstrated wealth and status by transforming ordinary walls into artistic expressions that echoed Roman values of grandeur and refinement.
• Evaluate the impact of cultural influences on the development of the Second Style and its role in shaping Roman art overall.
  • The development of the Second Style was heavily influenced by earlier Hellenistic art and architecture, which emphasized realism and perspective. This integration led to a more sophisticated approach in Roman wall painting that ultimately transformed the visual arts within Roman culture. The successful implementation of these techniques not only marked a turning point in artistic practices but also reflected broader socio-political dynamics as Rome expanded its reach and absorbed elements from conquered cultures. Consequently, the Second Style played a crucial role in establishing a distinct Roman artistic identity while embracing influences that enriched its visual language.

Related terms

First Style:

The First Style, also known as the 'Incrustation Style,' was the earliest Roman wall painting technique that aimed to imitate costly materials such as marble through painted plaster.

Third Style:

The Third Style followed the Second Style and is noted for its delicate and ornamental approach, featuring smaller-scale images and an emphasis on flatness rather than depth.

Fresco: Fresco is a technique of mural painting on freshly laid wet plaster, allowing pigments to bond with the wall as it dries, often used in Roman wall paintings including those in the Second Style.