Romulus

Definition

Romulus is a legendary figure in Roman mythology, credited as the founder and first king of Rome. According to tradition, he established the city in 753 BCE after a series of dramatic events, including his miraculous birth and fratricidal conflict with his brother Remus. His narrative embodies themes of divine favor, the struggles of leadership, and the origins of Roman identity.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Romulus was said to have been raised by a she-wolf after being abandoned as an infant along with his twin brother Remus, reflecting themes of survival and divine intervention.
2. The legend states that Romulus and Remus were descendants of Aeneas, connecting Rome’s origins to the heroism of Troy.
3. Romulus established Rome's first government and social institutions, including the Senate and the military, laying the foundation for future Roman civilization.
4. His death is often surrounded by myth, with some stories suggesting he was taken up to heaven and became a god, demonstrating his importance in Roman culture.
5. Romulus is frequently depicted as a symbol of strength and authority, influencing Roman ideals about leadership and valor.

Review Questions

• How does the myth of Romulus illustrate key themes in Roman culture regarding leadership and divine favor?
  • The myth of Romulus emphasizes themes such as the divine right to rule and the struggles inherent in leadership. His miraculous birth from a godly lineage and nurturing by a she-wolf highlight a belief in divine favor that legitimizes his authority as king. Additionally, his violent conflict with Remus reflects the often brutal realities faced by leaders in establishing power, echoing broader narratives found throughout Roman history regarding governance and strength.
• Discuss the significance of Romulus's actions in establishing social institutions in Rome and how they shaped Roman governance.
  • Romulus's establishment of foundational social institutions, such as the Senate and military structures, was pivotal in shaping Roman governance. By creating these institutions, he not only legitimized his rule but also set precedents for future leaders. The Senate became central to Roman political life, influencing decision-making for centuries. Moreover, his formation of a military ensured Rome's expansion and protection, which was crucial for its growth into a powerful empire.
• Evaluate how Romulus's narrative has impacted subsequent interpretations of Roman identity and mythology throughout history.
  • Romulus's narrative has had a profound influence on how Roman identity is perceived both historically and in modern contexts. His story embodies ideals such as courage, resilience, and divine providence, which have been celebrated in literature and art across centuries. This myth serves as a lens through which later generations understood Rome's origins, reinforcing concepts like patriotism and cultural superiority. Furthermore, as Rome transitioned into an empire, Romulus became emblematic of not just a city but an entire civilization’s values and aspirations.

Related terms

Remus: The twin brother of Romulus who was killed during their conflict over the founding of Rome, symbolizing the struggles inherent in the establishment of power.

Palatine Hill: One of the seven hills of Rome, it is traditionally believed to be the site where Romulus founded the city and established his kingdom.

Lupercalia: An ancient Roman festival held in February, commemorating the founding of Rome and connected to the story of Romulus and Remus' survival and upbringing by a she-wolf.