Polykleitos

Definition

Polykleitos was a renowned Greek sculptor from the 5th century BCE, celebrated for his contributions to the art of sculpture during the Classical period. He is best known for his work that exemplified the ideal proportions and harmony of the human body, particularly through his famous statue, the 'Doryphoros' or 'Spear Bearer'. His techniques and theories influenced not only his contemporaries but also later generations of artists, making him a pivotal figure in the development of Western art.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Polykleitos was active during the height of the Classical period in Greece, around 450-400 BCE.
2. His work emphasized the concept of symmetry and balance, which was revolutionary for his time and set a standard for future sculptors.
3. The 'Doryphoros' was created as an illustration of Polykleitos' treatise on proportion, known as the 'Canon'.
4. He used bronze for many of his sculptures, which allowed for greater detail and a more dynamic representation of human forms compared to earlier materials like marble.
5. Polykleitos' influence extended beyond sculpture; his ideas on proportion affected painting and architecture, showcasing the interconnectedness of artistic disciplines in Ancient Greece.

Review Questions

• How did Polykleitos' theories on proportion influence the artistic practices of his contemporaries?
  • Polykleitos' theories on proportion, articulated in his work 'Canon', provided a mathematical framework for sculptors seeking to achieve ideal beauty in their works. His emphasis on symmetry and harmony led other artists to adopt similar principles, fostering a collective movement toward more realistic and aesthetically pleasing representations of the human figure. This shift marked a turning point in Greek sculpture, where artists began prioritizing anatomical accuracy and lifelike poses.
• Discuss how Polykleitos' use of contrapposto contributed to the naturalism seen in Classical sculpture.
  • Polykleitos' use of contrapposto introduced a sense of movement and life to his sculptures, contrasting with the rigid poses prevalent in earlier works. By shifting weight onto one leg and allowing other body parts to respond dynamically, he created figures that appeared more relaxed and realistic. This technique not only enhanced the visual appeal but also reflected an understanding of human anatomy that was innovative for its time, significantly contributing to the naturalism characteristic of Classical sculpture.
• Evaluate Polykleitos' lasting impact on Western art and how his principles continue to resonate in modern artistic practices.
  • Polykleitos' impact on Western art is profound and enduring, as his emphasis on proportion and idealized beauty established foundational principles that are still revered today. His Canon influenced countless artists through history, including those during the Renaissance who sought to revive Classical ideals. Modern artists often revisit these concepts when considering balance and form in their works, demonstrating that Polykleitos' legacy extends beyond ancient Greece into contemporary artistic expressions.

Related terms

Doryphoros: A famous statue created by Polykleitos representing a young athlete, which embodies the ideal male form through precise proportions and contrapposto stance.

Contrapposto: A sculptural technique where a figure stands with weight shifted onto one leg, creating a sense of dynamism and naturalism in the pose.

Canon of Proportions: Polykleitos' theoretical framework that defined ideal mathematical ratios for the human body, influencing the design and aesthetics of sculptures.