Phidias

Definition

Phidias was a renowned ancient Greek sculptor and architect, active during the 5th century BCE, known for his monumental works that exemplified the ideals of Classical art. He is best recognized for creating the statue of Athena Parthenos, which adorned the Parthenon in Athens, and for his work on the Parthenon's frieze and decorative sculptures, which showcased the harmony and beauty characteristic of the Golden Age of Greece.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Phidias is credited with overseeing the construction of the Parthenon and its intricate sculptures, playing a pivotal role in shaping Athenian art during its Golden Age.
2. His statue of Athena Parthenos was made of gold and ivory (chryselephantine) and stood approximately 40 feet tall, symbolizing Athenian power and religious devotion.
3. Phidias's use of drapery in his sculptures demonstrated a masterful understanding of human anatomy and movement, contributing to the realism of his works.
4. He also faced political turmoil towards the end of his life, being accused of embezzlement related to the gold used in Athena's statue, which led to his imprisonment and eventual exile.
5. Phidias's influence extended beyond his lifetime, setting standards for future generations of artists in terms of scale, detail, and expression in sculpture.

Review Questions

• How did Phidias contribute to the representation of Athenian culture and religion through his works?
  • Phidias played a crucial role in embodying Athenian culture and religious devotion through his artistic creations. His most famous work, the statue of Athena Parthenos, not only symbolized the city's patron goddess but also represented Athenian ideals of beauty and power. By adorning significant structures like the Parthenon with detailed sculptures that depicted mythological scenes, he helped communicate the cultural values and identity of Athens during its Golden Age.
• Analyze the significance of Phidias’s techniques in sculpture and how they reflected the artistic standards of his time.
  • Phidias's techniques in sculpture were highly influential, showcasing an exceptional understanding of proportion, movement, and anatomy. His use of drapery not only added realism but also emphasized the idealized beauty associated with Classical art. The precision with which he executed intricate details set a standard for future artists, highlighting how technical mastery can elevate artistic expression while reflecting the values and aesthetics of his era.
• Evaluate how Phidias’s legacy has impacted our understanding of Greek art and architecture today.
  • Phidias’s legacy significantly impacts our understanding of Greek art and architecture by establishing benchmarks for artistic excellence that continue to resonate today. His innovative approaches to scale and detail in sculpture laid foundational principles for Western art. Moreover, the grandeur of his works contributes to our appreciation for Classical ideals in architecture, inspiring countless artists throughout history. This influence is evident in various cultural movements that draw upon Classical themes, demonstrating how Phidias's artistry remains relevant across centuries.

Related terms

Parthenon:

The Parthenon is a temple on the Acropolis of Athens dedicated to the goddess Athena, built during the Golden Age of Athens, showcasing the advancements in architecture and art.

Classical Art: Classical art refers to the artistic style and cultural achievements of ancient Greece and Rome, characterized by realism, idealized forms, and an emphasis on proportion and symmetry.

Sculpture in the Round: Sculpture in the round refers to three-dimensional sculptures that are meant to be viewed from all angles, exemplified by many works of Phidias, including his famous statues.