Golden mean

Definition

The golden mean is a key philosophical concept introduced by Aristotle that advocates for moderation and balance in ethical behavior and decision-making. It suggests that moral virtue lies between extremes, promoting a harmonious approach to life where individuals strive for a balanced existence. This idea is crucial in understanding Aristotle's ethical framework, as it underlines the importance of finding the right amount of any quality or virtue rather than falling into excess or deficiency.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Aristotle believed that every virtue is located between two vices: one of excess and one of deficiency, exemplifying the golden mean.
2. For example, courage is a virtue that lies between the extremes of recklessness (excess) and cowardice (deficiency).
3. The concept of the golden mean applies not only to moral virtues but also to emotional responses and actions in various situations.
4. Aristotle argued that achieving the golden mean requires practical wisdom, which he called 'phronesis', enabling individuals to make sound judgments.
5. The golden mean is not a strict formula; it recognizes that what constitutes moderation can vary from person to person and situation to situation.

Review Questions

• How does Aristotle define virtue in relation to the golden mean, and what are some examples?
  • Aristotle defines virtue as a trait that lies at the mean between two extremes, which are considered vices. For instance, bravery is seen as a virtue because it balances between recklessness and cowardice. By understanding virtue through this lens, individuals can better navigate ethical dilemmas by aiming for moderation rather than falling into excess or deficiency.
• Discuss how practical wisdom ('phronesis') is essential in applying the golden mean to real-life situations.
  • Practical wisdom ('phronesis') is crucial for applying the golden mean because it enables individuals to discern the right action in specific circumstances. It involves not just knowing the theoretical aspects of virtues but also understanding how to implement them appropriately based on context. Without this wisdom, one may misinterpret what constitutes a moderate response and fail to find balance in their actions.
• Evaluate how the concept of the golden mean influences contemporary ethical thought and decision-making.
  • The golden mean continues to influence contemporary ethical thought by emphasizing balance and moderation in moral reasoning. In today's complex societal issues, such as debates on environmental responsibility or social justice, applying this concept encourages nuanced perspectives that avoid extreme positions. By promoting moderation, it helps foster dialogue and compromise, guiding decision-making processes toward more constructive outcomes.

Related terms

Virtue Ethics: A branch of moral philosophy that emphasizes character and the virtues as key to ethical living, rather than rules or consequences.

Eudaimonia: A Greek term often translated as 'flourishing' or 'well-being', representing the ultimate goal of human life according to Aristotle, achieved through virtuous living.

Aristotelian Ethics: The ethical framework developed by Aristotle, which focuses on the development of virtuous character and the pursuit of the golden mean.