Entablature

Definition

An entablature is a horizontal structure that rests on columns and supports the roof or upper elements of a building. It typically consists of three main parts: the architrave (the lowest section), the frieze (the middle section), and the cornice (the uppermost section). In the context of ancient Greek and Roman architecture, the entablature serves both functional and decorative purposes, showcasing intricate designs that reflect the artistic achievements of its time.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Entablatures are a hallmark of classical architecture, particularly in Greek temples like the Parthenon and Roman structures like the Pantheon.
2. Each part of the entablature plays a specific role: the architrave directly rests on columns, the frieze adds decoration and storytelling elements, and the cornice projects outward to protect against weather.
3. The design of an entablature can vary significantly depending on the architectural order it represents: Doric, Ionic, or Corinthian styles each have distinct features.
4. Entablatures often include ornamental details such as triglyphs and metopes in Doric styles or elaborate scrolls and foliage in Corinthian styles.
5. In addition to supporting roofs, entablatures also serve as a visual transition between different architectural elements, enhancing the overall aesthetic of a building.

Review Questions

• How does the structure of an entablature reflect the principles of classical architecture?
  • The structure of an entablature embodies key principles of classical architecture through its harmonious proportions and detailed craftsmanship. Its three main components—the architrave, frieze, and cornice—work together to create a balanced visual effect that complements the columns beneath. This balance is crucial in classical design, emphasizing symmetry and order, which were highly valued by ancient architects. Furthermore, the decorative elements found on an entablature enhance its aesthetic appeal while telling stories from mythology or history.
• Discuss how variations in entablature design can signify different architectural orders and their cultural significance.
  • Variations in entablature design are closely tied to the different architectural orders—Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian—each representing distinct cultural values and aesthetic preferences. For instance, the Doric entablature is characterized by its simplicity and strength, reflecting the austere values of early Greek society. In contrast, the Ionic order features a more ornate frieze with delicate volutes, symbolizing sophistication and elegance. The Corinthian entablature is even more elaborate, showcasing intricate leaf motifs that represent opulence. These variations not only signify architectural style but also convey broader cultural messages about beauty, power, and societal ideals.
• Evaluate the impact of entablature design on the functionality and aesthetics of ancient Mediterranean architecture.
  • Entablature design plays a pivotal role in both functionality and aesthetics in ancient Mediterranean architecture. Functionally, it provides essential support for roofs while allowing for open spaces below. Aesthetically, it serves as a focal point that enhances the overall appearance of a structure through its decorative elements. The interplay between functionality and beauty is evident in famous structures such as temples and public buildings where entablatures not only uphold architectural integrity but also convey cultural significance through artistic expression. This dual role has influenced architectural practices throughout history and continues to inspire modern design.

Related terms

column: A vertical structural element that supports an entablature and can be decorative, typically characterized by its base, shaft, and capital.

capital: The topmost part of a column that connects it to the entablature, often featuring elaborate designs that vary between architectural orders.

frieze: The middle section of an entablature that often contains decorative reliefs or inscriptions, providing visual interest and narrative elements in architecture.