De legibus

Definition

De legibus, or 'On the Laws,' is a philosophical work by Cicero that explores the nature of law and its relationship to morality, justice, and the ideal state. It presents Cicero's thoughts on the purpose of laws, their origins, and how they align with natural law principles influenced by Greek philosophy. This work is crucial in understanding the development of political philosophy and ethics in Roman thought.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Cicero wrote de legibus around 52 BCE, aiming to articulate a vision for an ideal legal system grounded in moral principles.
2. The work builds upon the ideas of Greek philosophers like Plato and Aristotle, emphasizing the importance of natural law as a foundation for human laws.
3. Cicero argues that laws must reflect universal moral truths to be legitimate and serve the common good.
4. De legibus is often regarded as part of Cicero's larger effort to reconcile Roman law with philosophical ideas from Greece, particularly those related to ethics and governance.
5. The text influences later thinkers in the Renaissance and Enlightenment periods, shaping modern conceptions of justice and law.

Review Questions

• How does Cicero’s de legibus connect the concept of natural law with the function of human-made laws?
  • Cicero’s de legibus argues that human-made laws must be based on natural law principles to be legitimate. He believes that true justice can only be achieved when laws align with universal moral truths inherent in human nature. By connecting these concepts, Cicero highlights that laws should not only govern behavior but also promote ethical standards that serve the common good.
• Discuss how de legibus reflects Greek philosophical influences on Roman thought regarding law and ethics.
  • De legibus showcases significant Greek philosophical influences, particularly from thinkers like Plato and Aristotle. Cicero draws upon their ideas to argue for a moral foundation underlying legal structures. The work emphasizes virtues such as justice and equity, which are central themes in Greek philosophy, demonstrating how these ideas were adapted into Roman legal philosophy to advocate for a just society governed by ethical laws.
• Evaluate the impact of Cicero’s de legibus on modern interpretations of law and justice within political philosophy.
  • Cicero’s de legibus has had a lasting impact on modern interpretations of law and justice by laying foundational principles that resonate throughout history. His arguments for aligning human laws with natural rights have influenced Enlightenment thinkers like John Locke and later constitutional frameworks. This text promotes an ongoing dialogue about the moral responsibilities of legal systems, advocating for laws that not only regulate behavior but also reflect ethical ideals essential for societal well-being.

Related terms

Natural Law: A philosophical theory asserting that certain rights or values are inherent in human nature and universally recognizable through human reason.

Cicero: A Roman statesman, orator, and philosopher who played a key role in the development of Roman political philosophy and law through his writings.

Stoicism: An ancient Greek philosophy that teaches the development of self-control and fortitude as a means of overcoming destructive emotions, emphasizing rationality and virtue.