Corinthian Order

Definition

The Corinthian Order is one of the classical orders of ancient Greek architecture, characterized by its slender columns and elaborate capitals adorned with acanthus leaves and scrolls. This order is often seen as a symbol of wealth and sophistication, emerging prominently during the Hellenistic period and later influencing Roman architecture significantly.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Corinthian Order was developed in the 5th century BCE but gained widespread popularity during the Hellenistic period and was often associated with opulence.
2. This architectural style was frequently used in monumental structures, such as temples and public buildings, to convey a sense of grandeur.
3. The Romans adopted and adapted the Corinthian Order extensively, making it a hallmark of their own architectural style, particularly in structures like the Pantheon.
4. Unlike the Doric and Ionic Orders, which have more geometric proportions, the Corinthian Order emphasizes verticality and ornate decoration.
5. Many notable examples of the Corinthian Order can be found in ancient cities such as Corinth, Athens, and Rome, where it became integral to civic architecture.

Review Questions

• How did the Corinthian Order reflect the cultural values of its time, especially during the Hellenistic period?
  • The Corinthian Order emerged during a time when art and architecture were becoming increasingly elaborate and decorative, reflecting a cultural shift towards luxury and sophistication. Its intricate capitals and slender proportions were designed to impress, symbolizing wealth and power. This style represented not just aesthetic preferences but also the influence of social hierarchy and the desire for cities to showcase their importance through grand architectural projects.
• In what ways did Roman architecture incorporate and innovate upon the Corinthian Order compared to its Greek origins?
  • Roman architecture took the Corinthian Order's basic elements and amplified its grandeur, introducing innovations like greater height and elaborate entablatures. They standardized column proportions for greater uniformity across structures. Additionally, Romans often combined the Corinthian Order with other elements from different architectural styles to create a richer visual language that suited their monumental buildings, such as temples, basilicas, and triumphal arches.
• Evaluate the long-term impact of the Corinthian Order on subsequent architectural movements in history.
  • The long-term impact of the Corinthian Order can be seen throughout history in various architectural movements, including Renaissance and Baroque styles that embraced classical ideals. Its revival in these later periods reflects a continuous appreciation for classical aesthetics, emphasizing ornamentation and verticality. The enduring appeal of the Corinthian column has influenced neoclassical architecture as well, making it a key element in structures like government buildings and memorials worldwide, thus securing its legacy in global architectural history.

Related terms

Doric Order: The Doric Order is the oldest and simplest of the three classical orders, known for its sturdy columns with fluted shafts and plain capitals.

Ionic Order: The Ionic Order is recognized for its more slender proportions compared to the Doric, featuring columns with volutes (scroll-like ornaments) on the capitals.

Acanthus: Acanthus is a type of ornamental foliage commonly used in architectural decoration, especially in the capitals of Corinthian columns.