Wrath of Achilles

Definition

The wrath of Achilles refers to the intense anger and pride of the Greek hero Achilles in Homer's Iliad, which drives much of the poem's narrative and themes. This wrath leads Achilles to withdraw from battle after a personal conflict with Agamemnon, impacting the course of the Trojan War and highlighting themes of honor, pride, and the human condition.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Achilles' wrath is ignited when Agamemnon takes his war prize, Briseis, leading Achilles to feel deeply insulted and dishonored.
2. The consequences of Achilles' anger result in significant losses for the Greeks as he refuses to fight, allowing the Trojans to gain the upper hand in battle.
3. The theme of wrath also showcases the duality of Achilles' character—his profound strength and his vulnerability to rage and pride.
4. Achilles' journey is marked by his eventual reconciliation with his emotions, particularly when he confronts the death of his friend Patroclus, which transforms his wrath into a quest for vengeance.
5. Ultimately, the wrath of Achilles serves as a driving force in the Iliad that not only affects individual fates but also speaks to broader themes of mortality and honor in war.

Review Questions

• How does Achilles' wrath influence his decisions and actions throughout the Iliad?
  • Achilles' wrath significantly shapes his choices, particularly his decision to withdraw from battle after Agamemnon takes Briseis. This withdrawal not only affects his own glory but also leads to devastating consequences for the Greek army. His anger highlights key themes of pride and honor while demonstrating how personal grievances can have wide-reaching impacts in larger conflicts.
• Discuss how the theme of honor is represented through Achilles' wrath and its repercussions in the narrative.
  • The theme of honor is intricately tied to Achilles' wrath, as his anger stems from a perceived slight against his status and value as a warrior. The consequences of his refusal to fight demonstrate how personal honor can dictate behavior and result in tragedy. This emphasis on honor drives much of the conflict among characters and serves as a commentary on the values of ancient Greek society.
• Evaluate how Achilles' character evolves through his experiences with wrath and its aftermath in the Iliad.
  • Achilles' character undergoes a significant transformation as he navigates his initial unyielding wrath and its destructive impact. Initially driven by pride, he ultimately faces loss and grief following Patroclus’ death. This pivotal moment forces him to reconcile his emotions, shifting his focus from personal vengeance to a deeper understanding of mortality and legacy. His evolution reflects the complexities of human emotion and the costs associated with unchecked anger in warfare.

Related terms

Achilles' heel: A term that signifies a person's vulnerability or weakness, derived from the myth of Achilles who was invulnerable except for his heel.

Kleos: The Greek concept of glory or fame that is achieved through heroic deeds, heavily influencing the actions and motivations of characters in the Iliad.

Nostos: The theme of homecoming or return, often linked to Greek heroes' journeys and struggles, contrasting with the destructive nature of Achilles' wrath.