The Restoration

Definition

The Restoration refers to the period in English history beginning in 1660 when the monarchy was restored under King Charles II after the Interregnum that followed the English Civil War. This era marked a resurgence of cultural and artistic expression, heavily influenced by classical ideals, leading to the revival of classical forms in literature, drama, and architecture.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Restoration began in 1660 with the return of Charles II to the throne, which ended a period of republican rule under Oliver Cromwell.
2. During this time, there was a revival of interest in classical literature and forms, inspiring writers like John Dryden and Aphra Behn.
3. The reopening of theaters after years of closure due to Puritan rule led to innovative theatrical practices and the establishment of women acting on stage for the first time.
4. Restoration architecture reflected classical influences, with structures designed to embody symmetry and grandeur, such as St. Paul's Cathedral.
5. The period also witnessed the rise of satire as a popular literary form, often used to critique social norms and politics, reflecting the changing attitudes of society.

Review Questions

• How did the Restoration period influence literary forms and genres in England?
  • The Restoration period had a profound impact on literary forms and genres, particularly through the revival of classical ideals that inspired playwrights and poets. The emphasis on order, decorum, and reason led to the development of new genres such as comedy of manners. Writers like John Dryden showcased neoclassical principles by incorporating wit and social commentary into their works, making them reflective of contemporary society while adhering to classical models.
• Discuss the role of women in theater during the Restoration and how it differed from previous eras.
  • During the Restoration, women took center stage in theater for the first time as professional actresses, marking a significant shift from earlier periods where women's roles were performed by men. This change not only allowed female performers to showcase their talent but also influenced the themes and dynamics presented on stage. The presence of women brought fresh perspectives to plays, contributing to more complex character development and storylines that resonated with contemporary audiences.
• Evaluate how the political climate during the Restoration affected artistic expression in literature and drama.
  • The political climate during the Restoration greatly influenced artistic expression in literature and drama by providing both a reaction against previous Puritanical restrictions and an opportunity for commentary on contemporary society. The return to monarchy allowed for more open discourse on politics, leading writers to explore themes of power, loyalty, and morality in their works. As a result, plays became arenas for satire and social critique, reflecting both the exuberance of restored monarchy and lingering tensions within society.

Related terms

Neoclassicism: A movement in literature and the arts that sought to emulate the classical ideals of ancient Greece and Rome, emphasizing order, clarity, and harmony.

Theater Restoration: Refers to the revival of public theater in England during the Restoration period, characterized by new styles, actors, and an emphasis on elaborate productions.

Puritan Influence: The significant cultural and political impact of Puritanism in England that shaped moral standards and censorship prior to the Restoration, leading to a dramatic shift in artistic expression post-1660.