Impressionism

Definition

Impressionism is an art movement that originated in France in the late 19th century, characterized by a focus on capturing the fleeting effects of light and color in everyday scenes. It broke away from traditional artistic conventions, favoring loose brushwork and an emphasis on the artist's perception of a moment rather than detailed realism. Impressionism is deeply tied to the social and cultural changes occurring in Paris during this time, influencing not only painting but also music and literature.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Impressionism emerged as a response to the rigid conventions of academic art, seeking to portray modern life and its changing conditions.
2. Key characteristics of Impressionist paintings include visible brush strokes, an emphasis on light effects, and a vibrant color palette.
3. The movement was named after Monet's painting 'Impression, Sunrise,' which encapsulated the spontaneous style that defined Impressionism.
4. Impressionists often painted en plein air, allowing them to observe and capture the effects of changing light and weather conditions directly.
5. The rise of Impressionism coincided with urbanization and modernization in Paris, reflecting the shifting social dynamics and new perspectives of contemporary life.

Review Questions

• How did Impressionism reflect the social and cultural changes occurring in Paris during its emergence?
  • Impressionism mirrored the social and cultural transformations happening in Paris as it transitioned into a modern city with bustling life. Artists captured scenes of everyday activities, leisure, and urban environments, showcasing a new way of seeing the world around them. The movement also highlighted a departure from traditional values, embracing individual perceptions influenced by modernity and advancements in technology.
• Discuss the significance of 'Plein Air' painting for Impressionist artists and how it contributed to their artistic development.
  • 'Plein Air' painting played a crucial role for Impressionist artists as it allowed them to engage directly with their surroundings. By painting outdoors, they could observe how natural light affected colors and forms throughout the day. This practice contributed to their characteristic loose brushwork and vibrant colors, enhancing their ability to capture fleeting moments and impressions of landscapes or urban scenes.
• Evaluate the impact of exhibitions like the Salon des Refusés on the acceptance and popularity of Impressionism within the art community.
  • The Salon des Refusés was instrumental in shaping the acceptance of Impressionism by providing a platform for artists whose works were rejected by traditional salons. This alternative exhibition not only showcased innovative styles but also sparked public interest and debate about new artistic approaches. As these once-marginalized artists gained recognition, it laid the groundwork for broader acceptance of Impressionism in mainstream art circles, ultimately leading to its lasting influence on modern art.

Related terms

Claude Monet: A leading figure in the Impressionist movement, known for his studies of light and color in nature, particularly through his series of paintings of water lilies and the Japanese bridge.

Plein Air: A French term meaning 'open air,' referring to the practice of painting outdoors to capture the natural light and atmosphere in Impressionist works.

Salon des Refusés: An exhibition held in Paris in 1863 that showcased works rejected by the official Salon, giving a platform to Impressionist artists and helping to legitimize their style.