Middle Ages

Definition

The Middle Ages, also known as the medieval period, spans roughly from the 5th to the late 15th century and marks a significant era in European history characterized by feudalism, the rise of the Catholic Church, and the emergence of nation-states. This period profoundly shaped culture, society, and literature, setting the stage for the Renaissance and influencing many later writers, including Chaucer.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Middle Ages is traditionally divided into three periods: the Early Middle Ages (5th to 10th century), the High Middle Ages (11th to 13th century), and the Late Middle Ages (14th to 15th century).
2. During this era, Latin was the dominant language of scholarship and literature, while vernacular languages began to rise in prominence, paving the way for writers like Chaucer.
3. The Catholic Church played a central role in everyday life and governance during the Middle Ages, influencing education, art, and literature significantly.
4. Medieval literature often included themes of morality, chivalry, and religion, which are evident in Chaucer's works like 'The Canterbury Tales,' showcasing societal norms of his time.
5. The end of the Middle Ages is marked by significant events like the fall of Constantinople in 1453 and the onset of the Renaissance, which transformed European thought and culture.

Review Questions

• How did the structure of society during the Middle Ages influence Chaucer's writing?
  • The societal structure during the Middle Ages was deeply hierarchical and based on feudal relationships. This structure influenced Chaucer's writing as he portrayed a diverse range of characters from different social classes in 'The Canterbury Tales.' His exploration of themes related to class distinctions and moral values reflects how medieval society impacted individual identities and experiences. By capturing this complexity, Chaucer provides insight into the lives of people across social strata during his time.
• Discuss how Chaucer's work can be seen as a reflection of changes occurring at the end of the Middle Ages.
  • Chaucer's work reflects significant changes occurring at the end of the Middle Ages by incorporating vernacular language into his writings, breaking away from Latin dominance. His use of English in 'The Canterbury Tales' marked a pivotal shift that helped establish English literature as a respected medium. Additionally, his characters often embody emerging humanist ideas, suggesting a movement away from strict religious themes towards more individualistic narratives, reflecting broader cultural transformations leading into the Renaissance.
• Evaluate how Chaucer's literary legacy from the Middle Ages has influenced modern literature and writers today.
  • Chaucer's literary legacy has profoundly impacted modern literature by introducing complex characterizations and narrative techniques that resonate in contemporary storytelling. His ability to blend humor with social critique laid groundwork for future authors who explored themes of morality and human nature. Writers such as Shakespeare and even modern authors draw on Chaucer’s exploration of diverse perspectives within society. The way Chaucer presents everyday people facing moral dilemmas continues to inspire writers to create relatable characters that reflect our own society.

Related terms

Feudalism: A hierarchical system of land ownership and duties that dominated medieval Europe, where land was held by nobles in exchange for military service and protection to vassals.

Chivalry: A code of conduct associated with the medieval institution of knighthood, emphasizing virtues such as bravery, honor, and respect for women and the weak.

Gothic Architecture: A style of architecture that flourished during the High and Late Middle Ages, characterized by pointed arches, ribbed vaults, and flying buttresses, seen in cathedrals like Notre-Dame.