Peter Singer

Definition

Peter Singer is an Australian moral philosopher known for his influential work in bioethics and his advocacy for utilitarianism. His ideas challenge traditional views on ethics, particularly in relation to poverty and social exclusion, by emphasizing the moral obligation individuals have to help those in need, regardless of geographical or relational distance. Singer's philosophy encourages a broader perspective on human suffering and motivates action to alleviate it through effective altruism.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Peter Singer argues that affluent individuals have a moral duty to donate a significant portion of their income to help alleviate global poverty.
2. His book 'The Life You Can Save' outlines practical steps for individuals to take in order to combat poverty effectively.
3. Singer challenges the notion of charity as optional, stating that failing to assist those in need is morally wrong.
4. He promotes the idea that geographic distance should not diminish one's responsibility to help others, advocating for a global perspective on moral obligations.
5. Singer's arguments have sparked debates on ethical consumption and the responsibilities of wealth in addressing social inequalities.

Review Questions

• How does Peter Singer's philosophy challenge traditional views on ethics regarding poverty?
  • Peter Singer's philosophy fundamentally challenges traditional views by asserting that individuals have a moral obligation to help those in poverty, regardless of their proximity or relationship. He argues that simply feeling sympathy for those suffering is not enough; instead, people should actively engage in helping by donating a portion of their income or resources. This perspective pushes back against common beliefs that charity is merely optional, demanding a more proactive approach to alleviating suffering.
• Discuss the concept of effective altruism as proposed by Peter Singer and its implications for social change.
  • Effective altruism, as proposed by Peter Singer, emphasizes using evidence and reason to determine the most impactful ways to assist those in need. This concept encourages individuals not just to give but to think critically about how their contributions can lead to substantial change. By applying a utilitarian approach, effective altruism seeks to maximize positive outcomes for society, promoting a sense of responsibility towards global poverty and social exclusion, ultimately fostering a culture of informed giving.
• Evaluate the impact of Peter Singer's ideas on the contemporary discourse surrounding poverty and social responsibility.
  • Peter Singer's ideas have profoundly impacted contemporary discourse by reframing how we view social responsibility and our obligations toward others. His arguments urge individuals and society at large to reconsider notions of distance and relationships when responding to poverty. By promoting the idea that ethical consumption and philanthropy should be informed by measurable effectiveness, Singer's philosophy has led many to advocate for systemic changes in how resources are allocated, sparking movements aimed at reducing social inequalities on a global scale.

Related terms

Utilitarianism: A philosophical theory that suggests actions are right if they promote the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people.

Effective Altruism: A social movement that uses evidence and reason to determine the most effective ways to benefit others and advocates for making a positive impact with one's resources.

Animal Liberation: A book by Peter Singer that argues against speciesism and advocates for the ethical treatment of animals, asserting that their suffering should be considered when making moral decisions.