Naturalness Argument

Definition

The naturalness argument is a philosophical perspective that suggests human genetic engineering, particularly when used for enhancement purposes, is morally problematic because it disrupts what is considered 'natural.' This argument raises concerns about the implications of altering human biology and the potential consequences of moving beyond natural human capacities. The debate often centers on the distinction between therapeutic interventions, which aim to treat or prevent disease, and enhancement efforts, which seek to improve human traits or abilities beyond normal functioning.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The naturalness argument is often associated with concerns about 'playing God' by altering human genetics and creating potential unforeseen consequences.
2. Opponents of the naturalness argument may argue that many aspects of medicine, including vaccinations and organ transplants, are also unnatural yet accepted as beneficial.
3. The distinction between enhancement and therapy is crucial in discussions surrounding the naturalness argument, as enhancements raise more ethical concerns than therapies.
4. Critics argue that the naturalness argument can lead to a slippery slope where society may reject beneficial innovations simply because they are deemed unnatural.
5. Advocates for genetic enhancement often counter the naturalness argument by highlighting the potential for improved quality of life and addressing social inequalities through access to enhanced traits.

Review Questions

• How does the naturalness argument differentiate between therapeutic interventions and enhancement in genetic engineering?
  • The naturalness argument highlights a key distinction between therapeutic interventions, which aim to restore normal health or function by treating diseases, and enhancement efforts that seek to improve human traits beyond what is naturally typical. Proponents of the naturalness argument argue that while therapies can be justified as necessary for health, enhancements challenge our understanding of what it means to be human by altering our biological makeup. This differentiation helps clarify the moral implications associated with each approach to genetic engineering.
• Discuss the potential ethical dilemmas presented by the naturalness argument when considering the future of genetic engineering.
  • The naturalness argument presents significant ethical dilemmas by questioning the morality of altering human biology for enhancement purposes. It raises concerns about unintended consequences, societal inequalities created by access to enhancement technologies, and the potential loss of diversity within human capabilities. These dilemmas prompt discussions on whether pursuing enhancements aligns with ethical standards or whether it risks creating a divided society based on enhanced versus non-enhanced individuals.
• Evaluate how the naturalness argument might influence public policy decisions regarding human genetic engineering.
  • The naturalness argument could significantly influence public policy decisions by shaping societal attitudes towards genetic engineering practices. Policymakers may feel pressured to restrict or regulate enhancement technologies due to public concern over their unnatural aspects and potential societal ramifications. This could result in legislation that favors therapeutic applications while imposing strict limitations on enhancements. Ultimately, such policies would reflect broader societal values concerning nature, ethics, and human identity in the face of rapid technological advancements.

Related terms

Genetic Enhancement: The use of genetic engineering techniques to improve human traits, such as intelligence, physical ability, or aesthetic qualities, beyond typical levels.

Therapeutic Genetic Engineering: The application of genetic engineering to treat or prevent diseases and disorders, focusing on restoring normal function rather than enhancing capabilities.

Bioethics: A field of study that examines the ethical implications and moral dilemmas arising from advancements in biology and medicine, including genetic engineering.