Mount Meru

Definition

Mount Meru is a sacred mountain in Hindu, Buddhist, and Jain cosmology, often depicted as the center of the universe. In Buddhist architecture, it symbolizes the axis mundi or cosmic axis, representing the connection between the earthly realm and the spiritual realm. This mountain is often the focal point around which temple complexes are designed, embodying the spiritual significance of the cosmos in Southeast Asian Buddhist temples.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Mount Meru is often depicted at the center of mandalas and temple layouts, symbolizing the axis mundi and the connection between different realms of existence.
2. In Southeast Asian Buddhist temples, representations of Mount Meru can be found in architectural elements such as towers and chedis, illustrating its significance as a cosmic symbol.
3. The mountain is traditionally thought to be surrounded by four continents, representing different aspects of the universe in Buddhist cosmology.
4. Mount Meru is also associated with the abode of deities and is considered a place of ultimate enlightenment and spiritual attainment.
5. The concept of Mount Meru influences not only temple design but also rituals and art forms within Buddhist traditions across Southeast Asia.

Review Questions

• How does Mount Meru function as an architectural element in Southeast Asian Buddhist temples?
  • Mount Meru serves as a crucial architectural element in Southeast Asian Buddhist temples by acting as the symbolic center of the universe. Temples are often designed with Mount Meru at their core, reflecting its significance as the axis mundi that connects different realms. This central placement reinforces the spiritual intentions of the temple, guiding practitioners toward enlightenment as they navigate the physical space.
• Discuss the relationship between Mount Meru and the concept of Axis Mundi in various cultural contexts.
  • Mount Meru embodies the idea of Axis Mundi across several cultures, serving as a universal symbol representing a bridge between earth and heaven. In Buddhist cosmology, it is depicted as the center of existence around which everything revolves. Similarly, many cultures view their sacred mountains or trees as Axis Mundi, highlighting a common human desire to connect with higher realms through tangible symbols within their spiritual practices.
• Evaluate the impact of Mount Meru's symbolism on both ritual practices and artistic expressions within Southeast Asian Buddhism.
  • The symbolism of Mount Meru significantly influences both ritual practices and artistic expressions within Southeast Asian Buddhism. Rituals often incorporate elements that reflect its central role in cosmology, such as offerings made toward representations of the mountain during ceremonies. Artistically, depictions of Mount Meru appear in sculptures, paintings, and temple designs, creating a visual language that conveys profound spiritual concepts. This interplay enhances communal identity while fostering an ongoing connection between practitioners and their beliefs about the universe.

Related terms

Axis Mundi: A symbolic line that connects heaven and earth, often represented by a sacred mountain or tree in various cultures.

Stupa:

A dome-shaped structure used as a Buddhist shrine, often containing relics and serving as a place for meditation and worship.

Mandala: A geometric design that represents the cosmos in its ideal form, often used in spiritual symbolism in Hinduism and Buddhism.