Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Definition

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is a glycoprotein hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland that plays a crucial role in regulating reproductive processes. In females, FSH stimulates the growth and maturation of ovarian follicles, while in males, it is essential for spermatogenesis, or the production of sperm. The levels and activity of FSH are tightly regulated by feedback mechanisms involving hormones like estrogen and testosterone, impacting the reproductive cycle and overall fertility.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. FSH levels fluctuate throughout the menstrual cycle, peaking just before ovulation to promote follicle development.
2. In males, FSH supports Sertoli cells in the testes, which are critical for nurturing developing sperm cells.
3. Abnormal FSH levels can indicate fertility issues or disorders such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in women or hypogonadism in men.
4. FSH works synergistically with LH to regulate sexual maturation and reproductive health in both sexes.
5. Understanding FSH's role is essential for advancements in reproductive technologies like in vitro fertilization (IVF).

Review Questions

• How does follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) influence the ovarian cycle in females?
  • Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) significantly influences the ovarian cycle by promoting the growth and maturation of ovarian follicles. During the first half of the menstrual cycle, increased levels of FSH stimulate several follicles to develop, but typically only one becomes dominant and matures fully. As this dominant follicle produces estrogen, it creates a feedback loop that helps regulate FSH levels and prepare for ovulation.
• Discuss the interplay between FSH and other hormones such as luteinizing hormone (LH) in reproductive health.
  • FSH and luteinizing hormone (LH) work together to regulate various aspects of reproductive health. While FSH promotes follicle development and spermatogenesis, LH triggers ovulation in females and stimulates testosterone production in males. The balance between these hormones is crucial for normal reproductive function, and any disruption can lead to issues such as infertility or hormonal imbalances.
• Evaluate how abnormalities in FSH levels can impact fertility treatments and reproductive technologies.
  • Abnormalities in follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels can significantly affect fertility treatments and reproductive technologies. For instance, elevated or low FSH levels can indicate underlying issues with ovarian reserve or testicular function, guiding clinicians in tailoring specific interventions such as controlled ovarian hyperstimulation in IVF. By understanding an individual's hormonal profile, healthcare providers can make more informed decisions regarding treatment plans to optimize chances of conception.

Related terms

Luteinizing Hormone (LH): A hormone produced by the anterior pituitary that, along with FSH, regulates reproductive functions including ovulation and testosterone production.

Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH): A hormone released from the hypothalamus that stimulates the release of FSH and LH from the anterior pituitary gland.

Ovarian Cycle: The series of physiological changes in the ovaries that occur during a woman's reproductive years, driven by hormones such as FSH and LH.