Articular cartilage

Definition

Articular cartilage is a smooth, white tissue that covers the ends of bones where they meet to form joints. It serves as a cushion and reduces friction during movement, allowing for smooth gliding motions between bones. This specialized cartilage is crucial for joint function, as it helps absorb shock and distribute loads, thus playing a vital role in overall skeletal health.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Articular cartilage is avascular, meaning it lacks blood vessels, which makes it less capable of self-repair compared to other tissues.
2. This type of cartilage has a high water content, which helps provide resilience and enables it to withstand compressive forces during weight-bearing activities.
3. Articular cartilage is composed of chondrocytes (cartilage cells) embedded in a matrix of collagen fibers and proteoglycans, contributing to its unique mechanical properties.
4. Damage to articular cartilage can lead to conditions like osteoarthritis, where the cartilage wears down over time, causing pain and reduced joint function.
5. Healthy articular cartilage plays a critical role in joint biomechanics by allowing for smooth movement between bones and reducing the risk of injury.

Review Questions

• How does the structure of articular cartilage contribute to its function in joints?
  • The structure of articular cartilage includes a smooth surface, high water content, and a matrix made up of collagen fibers and proteoglycans. This unique composition allows articular cartilage to provide a low-friction surface for bones to glide against each other during movement. The ability to absorb shock and distribute forces effectively is essential for maintaining joint health and preventing wear and tear.
• What are the consequences of damage to articular cartilage on joint health?
  • Damage to articular cartilage can significantly impact joint health by leading to conditions such as osteoarthritis. As the cartilage deteriorates, it fails to cushion the bones properly, which results in increased friction and inflammation within the joint. Over time, this can lead to chronic pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility, ultimately affecting an individual's quality of life.
• Evaluate the role of articular cartilage in the context of joint biomechanics and its implications for physical activity.
  • Articular cartilage plays a crucial role in joint biomechanics by providing a smooth surface that facilitates movement while absorbing shock during physical activity. Its ability to withstand compressive forces is vital for activities that involve weight-bearing or repetitive motions. When articular cartilage is healthy, it supports optimal joint function; however, injuries or degenerative changes can lead to biomechanical imbalances that may predispose individuals to further joint issues or impact their ability to engage in physical activities effectively.

Related terms

hyaline cartilage: A type of cartilage characterized by its glossy, translucent appearance, hyaline cartilage provides support and flexibility in areas such as the respiratory tract and the ends of long bones.

synovial fluid: A viscous fluid found in synovial joints that lubricates the articular surfaces, reducing friction and facilitating smooth movements.

osteoarthritis: A degenerative joint disease characterized by the breakdown of articular cartilage, leading to pain, stiffness, and loss of mobility in affected joints.