Carbon sequestration

Definition

Carbon sequestration is the process of capturing and storing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) to mitigate or defer global warming and climate change. This process can occur naturally through ecosystems like forests and soils or be engineered through technologies that capture CO2 emissions from sources like power plants, effectively reducing the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Natural carbon sequestration occurs through processes like photosynthesis, where plants absorb CO2 from the atmosphere and store it as biomass.
2. Carbon sequestration can be enhanced through practices like reforestation, afforestation, and improved land management, which increase the carbon storage capacity of ecosystems.
3. Technological methods of carbon sequestration include carbon capture and storage (CCS), which captures CO2 emissions from industrial sources and stores it underground in geological formations.
4. The effectiveness of carbon sequestration depends on various factors, including the type of ecosystem or technology used, local environmental conditions, and management practices.
5. Implementing widespread carbon sequestration strategies is crucial for achieving international climate goals, such as those outlined in the Paris Agreement, to limit global temperature rise.

Review Questions

• How does carbon sequestration interact with the processes of photosynthesis in reducing atmospheric CO2 levels?
  • Carbon sequestration relies heavily on photosynthesis as a natural mechanism for reducing atmospheric CO2 levels. During photosynthesis, plants absorb CO2 from the atmosphere and convert it into organic matter while releasing oxygen. This process not only helps lower CO2 levels but also contributes to the formation of carbon sinks, where the sequestered carbon is stored in plant biomass and soil. By enhancing forest growth or restoring degraded lands, we can improve carbon sequestration through increased photosynthesis.
• Evaluate the role of technological advancements in improving carbon capture and storage (CCS) methods for industrial emissions.
  • Technological advancements play a significant role in enhancing the effectiveness of carbon capture and storage (CCS) methods. Innovations in capturing techniques allow industries to filter CO2 emissions more efficiently before they reach the atmosphere. Moreover, improvements in monitoring and verification systems ensure that stored carbon remains contained underground. These advancements help make CCS a more viable option for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuel-based energy production and heavy industries while addressing climate change.
• Synthesize how carbon sequestration strategies can contribute to both climate change mitigation and sustainable development goals.
  • Carbon sequestration strategies serve a dual purpose by mitigating climate change while supporting sustainable development goals. By investing in natural solutions like reforestation or soil health improvement, communities can enhance biodiversity, improve air quality, and increase water retention in soils. Additionally, these strategies create jobs in forestry and agriculture, promoting economic growth. Furthermore, effectively implemented carbon sequestration reduces reliance on fossil fuels by lowering overall emissions, helping to achieve targets set by international climate agreements while fostering sustainable practices that benefit communities and ecosystems alike.

Related terms

Photosynthesis: The process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy, using carbon dioxide and water to produce glucose and oxygen.

Carbon Sink: A natural or artificial reservoir that absorbs more carbon than it releases, such as forests, oceans, and soil, playing a crucial role in the global carbon cycle.

Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide that trap heat in the atmosphere, contributing to the greenhouse effect and climate change.