Goryeo Period

Definition

The Goryeo Period refers to a significant era in Korean history that lasted from 918 to 1392, marked by the establishment of a centralized government and notable advancements in culture, art, and technology. This period is particularly recognized for its contributions to Buddhist art, the development of printing techniques, and the flourishing of distinct architectural styles, which collectively shaped Korean identity and heritage.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Goryeo Period is known for the creation of the first metal movable type printing system in the world around the 13th century, which significantly advanced literature and knowledge dissemination.
2. During this period, Goryeo celadon pottery reached its peak, showcasing sophisticated techniques that emphasized beauty and intricate designs.
3. The Tripitaka Koreana was meticulously crafted during the Goryeo Period and is considered one of the most comprehensive collections of Buddhist texts globally.
4. Architectural innovations flourished during this time, with Confucian shrine architecture emerging as a response to Buddhist influences and representing shifts in religious thought.
5. Ink wash painting developed as an important art form during the Goryeo Period, reflecting the influence of Chinese aesthetics while establishing a unique Korean style.

Review Questions

• How did the Goryeo Period influence the development of printing technology and what were its implications for Korean literature?
  • The Goryeo Period saw significant advancements in printing technology, notably with the creation of metal movable type. This innovation allowed for more efficient production of texts, making literature more accessible to the public. As a result, there was an increase in literacy rates and the spread of knowledge across various classes in society, transforming cultural practices and reinforcing the importance of education.
• Discuss how celadon pottery from the Goryeo Period reflects the cultural values and artistic priorities of that time.
  • Celadon pottery from the Goryeo Period showcases a deep appreciation for nature and beauty, embodying the era's aesthetic values. The intricate designs and elegant green glaze demonstrate advanced techniques and artistic skill. This pottery not only served functional purposes but also held cultural significance, representing spiritual ideals associated with Buddhism and highlighting the importance of harmony between art and nature in Goryeo society.
• Evaluate how the religious dynamics during the Goryeo Period impacted architecture and art, particularly regarding Confucian shrine architecture.
  • During the Goryeo Period, Buddhism was predominant; however, Confucian ideals began to gain prominence towards its later years. This shift influenced architectural styles, leading to the emergence of Confucian shrine architecture that reflected societal values such as filial piety and respect for ancestors. The integration of Confucian principles into art and architecture not only altered aesthetic approaches but also redefined cultural identity as Korea moved toward a more Confucian-oriented society under subsequent dynasties.

Related terms

Celadon: A type of pottery known for its distinctive green glaze, which became a hallmark of Goryeo craftsmanship and art during the period.

Tripitaka Koreana:

A collection of Buddhist scriptures carved onto woodblocks during the Goryeo Period, showcasing the era's dedication to Buddhist scholarship and printing technology.

Buddhism:

The dominant religion during the Goryeo Period, influencing various aspects of life, culture, and artistic expression throughout this time.