Poseidon

Definition

Poseidon is the ancient Greek god of the sea, earthquakes, and horses, often depicted as a powerful figure wielding a trident. He was one of the twelve Olympian deities and played a significant role in Greek mythology, being revered not only for his dominion over water but also for his influence on navigation, marine life, and natural disasters. His temples and monuments were integral parts of ancient Greek culture, particularly in maritime cities.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Poseidon was honored with many temples across Greece, most famously the Temple of Poseidon at Sounion, which overlooks the Aegean Sea.
2. He is often depicted in art and sculpture alongside other gods and mythical creatures, reflecting his significance in Greek mythology.
3. In addition to being the god of the sea, Poseidon was also associated with horses and is sometimes referred to as the 'earth-shaker' due to his ability to cause earthquakes.
4. The myth of Poseidon contesting Athena for the patronage of Athens illustrates his importance in Greek urban life and civic pride.
5. Poseidon's temperamental nature was believed to cause storms at sea, making him both a revered and feared deity among sailors.

Review Questions

• How did Poseidon's attributes influence ancient Greek society and culture?
  • Poseidon's attributes significantly influenced ancient Greek society by shaping their relationship with the sea and natural disasters. As the god of the sea, he was crucial for sailors and traders who relied on favorable conditions for navigation. His dual role as the god of earthquakes added an element of fear, prompting rituals and offerings to appease him and ensure safety from natural calamities. This reverence is reflected in the numerous temples dedicated to him, indicating his integral place in Greek culture.
• Discuss the role of Poseidon in the mythological contest for Athens and its implications for the city’s identity.
  • In the mythological contest for Athens, Poseidon competed with Athena to become the city's patron deity. Poseidon offered a spring by striking the ground with his trident, while Athena presented an olive tree. The citizens chose Athena's gift as more beneficial for sustenance and peace. This outcome not only established Athena as the city's protector but also highlighted Poseidon's significance as a powerful god whose offerings were deeply connected to maritime life and natural resources, illustrating how gods shaped city identities in ancient Greece.
• Evaluate how depictions of Poseidon in art reflect societal values and concerns of ancient Greece regarding nature.
  • Depictions of Poseidon in ancient Greek art serve as reflections of societal values and concerns about nature's power. The portrayal of Poseidon wielding a trident emphasizes his control over the seas, symbolizing both respect for his might and anxiety about maritime dangers. Artistic representations often highlight his involvement in myths that address human vulnerability against natural forces, such as storms or earthquakes. By illustrating Poseidon's duality as both a protector and a threat, artists communicated the complex relationship Greeks had with their environment, showcasing their reverence for gods that embodied natural elements.

Related terms

Neptune: The Roman counterpart of Poseidon, who shares similar attributes and responsibilities as the god of the sea.

Trident: A three-pronged spear associated with Poseidon, symbolizing his power over the sea and ability to create storms.

Acropolis:

A high city in ancient Greece that often housed important temples, including those dedicated to deities like Poseidon.