Excavation

Definition

Excavation is the process of systematically digging and removing earth to uncover artifacts, structures, and other cultural materials from the past. This method is crucial in archaeology, allowing researchers to study and understand ancient civilizations, including their architectural practices, daily lives, and cultural developments. In the context of the Athenian Acropolis, excavation has played a key role in revealing the historical significance of its monuments and understanding the social, religious, and political life of ancient Athens.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Excavation at the Athenian Acropolis has revealed important structures such as the Parthenon, Erechtheion, and Temple of Athena Nike.
2. The systematic approach to excavation allows archaeologists to document the context in which artifacts are found, which is critical for understanding their use and significance.
3. Excavations at the Acropolis have contributed to our knowledge about ancient Greek religion, particularly the worship of Athena as the city's patron goddess.
4. Many excavations on the Acropolis have been conducted since the 19th century, leading to significant discoveries that have shaped our understanding of classical architecture.
5. Preservation techniques are often employed during excavations to protect discovered artifacts and structures from damage due to exposure to air and light.

Review Questions

• How does excavation contribute to our understanding of ancient Greek civilization at the Athenian Acropolis?
  • Excavation is vital for uncovering evidence of ancient Greek civilization at the Athenian Acropolis. By systematically digging through layers of soil, archaeologists can find artifacts and structures that reveal insights into daily life, religious practices, and social organization in ancient Athens. This process allows researchers to piece together historical narratives and understand how different cultures interacted with one another over time.
• Evaluate the techniques used in excavation at the Athenian Acropolis and their effectiveness in preserving historical artifacts.
  • The techniques used in excavation at the Athenian Acropolis include careful stratigraphy and documentation methods that ensure context is preserved. Excavators often record exact locations of finds and maintain detailed records during digs. These methods effectively safeguard against misinterpretation of artifacts and aid in conservation efforts, ensuring that historical evidence remains intact for future research.
• Synthesize information from various excavations on the Athenian Acropolis to discuss their impact on our understanding of ancient Greek architecture.
  • Excavations on the Athenian Acropolis have provided a wealth of information that significantly impacts our understanding of ancient Greek architecture. The discovery of key structures like the Parthenon showcases advanced architectural techniques such as Doric columns and entasis. Furthermore, these digs highlight how political power, religious beliefs, and artistic expression were intertwined in Athens' monumental buildings. By analyzing these findings collectively, we gain a deeper appreciation for how architecture reflects broader societal values in ancient Greece.

Related terms

Archaeology: The scientific study of human history and prehistory through the excavation of sites and the analysis of artifacts.

Stratigraphy: The study of rock layers and layering, used in archaeology to analyze the chronological sequence of human activity based on the depth at which artifacts are found.

Site Survey: A method used by archaeologists to systematically gather information about a location before excavation, assessing its potential significance and determining excavation strategies.