Base

Definition

In architecture, the base is the lowest part of a structure or column that provides support and stability. It often serves to visually anchor the column, helping to distribute weight and prevent structural instability. In the context of the Ionic order, the base is distinct with its unique design features that reflect the aesthetic and functional principles of this architectural style.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Ionic order features a base that usually consists of two or three stacked rings or toruses, which contrasts with the more simplistic base of the Doric order.
2. Ionic bases are often characterized by their elegance and refinement, reflecting the overall decorative style of Ionic architecture.
3. The design of the base in Ionic columns helps to elevate the visual presence of the structure, creating a sense of lightness compared to heavier architectural styles.
4. In addition to providing structural support, the base also plays a crucial role in the overall proportions and aesthetics of a building, especially in temples and public structures.
5. The use of bases in Ionic architecture can be seen as a reflection of societal values during its emergence, emphasizing beauty and harmony in civic and religious spaces.

Review Questions

• How does the design of the Ionic base differ from that of other classical orders like Doric or Corinthian?
  • The Ionic base differs significantly from the Doric base, which is much simpler and consists primarily of a single step or a low plinth. In contrast, the Ionic base typically includes two or three stacked rings, giving it a more ornate appearance. The Corinthian base is even more elaborate, often featuring intricate decorative elements. These differences highlight the evolving aesthetic values in Greek architecture during different periods.
• Discuss the importance of the base in supporting not just physical structures but also the overall aesthetic of Ionic architecture.
  • The base plays a critical role in both supporting the physical integrity of Ionic structures and enhancing their aesthetic appeal. By providing stability, it allows for taller and more slender columns that embody gracefulness. Additionally, its design contributes to a sense of proportion and harmony within the building's overall composition. This dual functionality exemplifies how form and function are interconnected in classical architecture.
• Evaluate how the evolution of column bases reflects broader changes in architectural practices and societal values during ancient Greece.
  • The evolution of column bases from simpler designs to more complex forms like those seen in Ionic architecture reflects significant shifts in architectural practices as well as societal values in ancient Greece. As Greek society became increasingly focused on beauty, democracy, and civic pride, architectural elements like bases evolved to convey these ideals. The elaborate designs not only served structural purposes but also demonstrated artistic skill and contributed to public identity through monumental buildings like temples and public squares.

Related terms

Column: A vertical support structure that can be cylindrical or polygonal in shape, often used to support entablatures and roofs in classical architecture.

Entablature: The horizontal structure supported by columns, typically consisting of three main sections: the architrave, frieze, and cornice.

Capitel: The top part of a column that supports the entablature, often elaborately decorated and distinctive to different architectural orders.