Entablature

Definition

An entablature is a horizontal structure supported by columns or a wall, composed of three main sections: the architrave, frieze, and cornice. This architectural feature plays a vital role in classical buildings, providing not only structural support but also decorative elements that reflect the style of the building, particularly within the different architectural orders such as Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian. The design and materials used in an entablature can vary significantly depending on the architectural order and the techniques employed in its construction.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The entablature's three main components—architrave, frieze, and cornice—work together to create a visually appealing and functional element atop columns.
2. In classical architecture, the style of the entablature reflects the architectural order used: Doric entablatures are typically simpler and sturdier, while Corinthian ones are more ornate.
3. Materials commonly used in creating entablatures include stone, marble, and occasionally wood, which affect both aesthetics and durability.
4. The proportions and decoration of an entablature can convey important cultural and artistic messages about the period in which it was built.
5. Architectural techniques like carving and sculpting were often used to enhance the beauty of the entablature, making it a key focus of artistic expression in ancient buildings.

Review Questions

• How does the design of an entablature differ among the Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian architectural orders?
  • The design of an entablature varies significantly among the Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian orders. Doric entablatures are typically simpler with minimal decoration, reflecting a sturdy and practical style. Ionic entablatures introduce more elegance with scroll-like volutes on the capital and a more detailed frieze. In contrast, Corinthian entablatures are the most ornate, featuring elaborate carvings and floral motifs that signify opulence. Each style not only serves structural purposes but also expresses distinct cultural values.
• Discuss how materials influence the construction and appearance of an entablature in classical architecture.
  • Materials play a crucial role in both the construction and appearance of an entablature. Common materials include stone and marble, which provide durability and strength, essential for supporting structures above. The choice of material also affects the aesthetic qualities; for example, marble can be intricately carved to enhance decorative elements like reliefs on the frieze. Additionally, different regions may have access to various materials that reflect local styles and technologies, thus impacting how an entablature is perceived within its architectural context.
• Evaluate the significance of the entablature in conveying cultural values through its design and ornamentation in ancient Greek architecture.
  • The entablature holds significant cultural value in ancient Greek architecture as it serves as both a structural component and a canvas for artistic expression. Its design often reflects societal ideals; for example, simpler Doric styles convey strength and masculinity, while ornate Corinthian designs represent wealth and sophistication. The decorations found on friezes may depict historical events or mythological scenes that resonate with cultural narratives. Thus, analyzing an entablature allows for a deeper understanding of not only architectural practices but also the values and beliefs of ancient Greek society.

Related terms

Architrave: The lowest part of the entablature that directly rests on the columns, serving as a beam to support the frieze above.

Frieze:

The middle section of the entablature that often features decorative reliefs or inscriptions, bridging the architrave and cornice.

Cornice: The uppermost section of the entablature that protrudes outward, often serving as a decorative element to complete the overall structure.