Capability Approach

Definition

The capability approach is a theoretical framework that focuses on what individuals are able to do and be, emphasizing their real freedoms and opportunities in achieving well-being. It highlights the importance of capabilities over mere resources or utility, connecting closely to discussions of justice and fairness by examining how social arrangements impact individual capabilities and their potential.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The capability approach was primarily developed by economist Amartya Sen in the late 20th century as a response to limitations of traditional welfare economics.
2. It emphasizes the role of individual agency and choice, asserting that true justice involves ensuring people have the freedom to pursue the lives they value.
3. The approach critiques utilitarianism by arguing that focusing solely on happiness or utility ignores important aspects of human life and potential.
4. In the context of AI systems, the capability approach can inform discussions about how technologies impact people's abilities and choices rather than just focusing on efficiency or productivity.
5. Evaluating fairness in AI systems through the lens of the capability approach involves assessing how these systems enhance or restrict individual capabilities across different societal groups.

Review Questions

• How does the capability approach provide a more comprehensive understanding of justice compared to traditional economic theories?
  • The capability approach offers a broader perspective on justice by focusing on what individuals can actually do and be, rather than just their material wealth or utility. Unlike traditional economic theories that often prioritize efficiency or aggregate happiness, this approach emphasizes the significance of individual agency and the diverse capabilities people possess. By addressing these real freedoms, it highlights that justice is not merely about resources but about enabling everyone to lead fulfilling lives.
• In what ways can the capability approach be applied to assess fairness in AI systems, particularly in relation to marginalized communities?
  • Applying the capability approach to AI systems involves evaluating how these technologies affect individuals' abilities to achieve valued functionings. This means analyzing whether AI systems enhance or hinder opportunities for marginalized communities. For instance, if an AI tool reinforces existing biases and limits access to essential services or opportunities, it would be deemed unfair. Thus, assessing AI fairness through this lens emphasizes the importance of ensuring equitable capabilities for all individuals.
• Evaluate the implications of integrating the capability approach into policy-making related to AI governance and its potential impact on societal well-being.
  • Integrating the capability approach into AI governance can significantly reshape policy-making by prioritizing individual well-being over mere efficiency or innovation. This shift encourages policymakers to consider how AI technologies affect people's capabilities and freedoms, leading to more inclusive decisions that address societal inequalities. As a result, such policies could foster an environment where technology empowers all individuals, especially marginalized groups, promoting holistic societal well-being rather than just economic growth.

Related terms

Functionings: Functionings are the various things a person may value doing or being, which represent the achievements or states of being that arise from a person's capabilities.

Social Justice:

Social justice refers to the fair distribution of resources and opportunities within a society, ensuring that all individuals can achieve their potential and lead fulfilling lives.

Sen's Capabilities Framework: Developed by economist Amartya Sen, this framework offers a systematic way to assess individual well-being and social arrangements based on the capabilities available to people.