Pediments

Definition

Pediments are the triangular structures found at the ends of a building, particularly in classical architecture, positioned above the entablature and supported by columns. They serve not only as a decorative element but also as a crucial architectural feature that enhances the visual impact of monumental structures, connecting deeply with the artistic and symbolic expressions of ancient Greek architecture.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Parthenon features two prominent pediments, each containing intricate sculptures that depict significant mythological events related to Athena.
2. The east pediment of the Parthenon illustrates the birth of Athena from Zeus's forehead, while the west pediment portrays a contest between Athena and Poseidon for the patronage of Athens.
3. Pediments are often adorned with high-relief sculptures that convey dynamic narratives, serving both artistic and ceremonial purposes.
4. Greek pediments were carefully designed to be viewed from below, ensuring that their composition was effective from various angles as worshippers approached temples.
5. The design and execution of pediments influenced later architectural styles, including Roman and Neoclassical architecture, emphasizing their lasting impact on Western design.

Review Questions

• How do the sculptures in the pediments of the Parthenon contribute to our understanding of ancient Greek culture and beliefs?
  • The sculptures in the pediments of the Parthenon showcase significant mythological narratives that reflect ancient Greek values, such as wisdom and competition. The east pediment highlights Athena's birth, symbolizing her importance as the goddess of wisdom and war. The west pediment's depiction of Athena's contest with Poseidon illustrates themes of civic pride and divine favor, revealing how these myths were intertwined with Athenian identity and culture.
• Analyze how the architectural function of pediments is intertwined with their decorative aspects in ancient Greek temples.
  • Pediments serve a dual purpose in ancient Greek temples by providing structural integrity while also offering a canvas for artistic expression. Architecturally, they complete the triangular shape of the building's façade, creating a sense of harmony and balance. Decoratively, they are adorned with sculptures that tell stories from mythology or commemorate important events, enhancing both the aesthetic appeal and cultural significance of the temple.
• Evaluate the influence of Greek pedimental design on later architectural movements such as Neoclassicism.
  • Greek pedimental design had a profound influence on Neoclassicism, as architects sought to revive classical ideals. The emphasis on symmetry, proportion, and the use of triangular pediments became hallmarks of Neoclassical architecture. This revival was not only a stylistic choice but also an ideological one, as it reflected Enlightenment values that celebrated reason and civic virtue. The incorporation of Greek elements in buildings like the U.S. Capitol highlights how these ancient designs continued to resonate in modern architecture.

Related terms

Entablature: The horizontal structure supported by columns, consisting of three main sections: architrave, frieze, and cornice, which serves as a framework for pediments.

Frieze: The middle section of the entablature that often features relief sculptures or decorative patterns, complementing the artwork found in the pediment.

Metope: The plain or decorated panel between the triglyphs in a Doric frieze, which often contains relief sculptures and contributes to the overall narrative of the temple's decoration.