Archaeological Resources Protection Act

Definition

The Archaeological Resources Protection Act (ARPA) is a United States federal law enacted in 1979 aimed at protecting archaeological resources on public and Indian lands. This act establishes a framework for the protection and preservation of significant archaeological sites, prohibits the unauthorized excavation or removal of artifacts, and emphasizes the importance of responsible stewardship of cultural heritage.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. ARPA prohibits the excavation, removal, damage, or destruction of archaeological resources located on public or Indian lands without a permit.
2. The act establishes penalties for violations, including fines and imprisonment, to deter illegal activities related to archaeological resources.
3. ARPA allows for the collaboration between federal agencies and Native American tribes for the management and protection of culturally significant sites.
4. The law requires federal agencies to develop plans for the preservation of archaeological resources as part of their management practices.
5. ARPA emphasizes public education and awareness about the importance of preserving archaeological sites for future generations.

Review Questions

• How does the Archaeological Resources Protection Act promote the preservation of archaeological sites?
  • The Archaeological Resources Protection Act promotes preservation by prohibiting unauthorized excavation and removal of artifacts from public and Indian lands. It establishes a permitting system that ensures any excavation is done responsibly and under supervision, which helps maintain the integrity of significant archaeological sites. Additionally, by imposing penalties for violations, ARPA acts as a deterrent against illegal activities that could harm these valuable cultural resources.
• What role does ARPA play in the relationship between federal agencies and Native American tribes regarding archaeological resources?
  • ARPA plays a crucial role in fostering collaboration between federal agencies and Native American tribes concerning archaeological resources. The act encourages partnerships where tribes can contribute their knowledge and perspectives on managing sites of cultural significance. This cooperative approach respects tribal sovereignty and acknowledges the importance of traditional knowledge in preserving archaeological heritage.
• Evaluate the effectiveness of ARPA in protecting archaeological resources in the context of increasing threats from development and looting.
  • The effectiveness of ARPA in protecting archaeological resources is challenged by increasing threats from development projects and looting. While ARPA provides legal frameworks and penalties, its enforcement can be inconsistent due to limited funding and resources for monitoring sites. Additionally, as urbanization continues, many significant archaeological sites are at risk. To enhance its effectiveness, ARPA needs stronger support from both federal agencies and local communities to raise awareness about cultural heritage's importance and to encourage site stewardship practices.

Related terms

Cultural Heritage: The legacy of physical artifacts and intangible attributes of a group or society inherited from past generations.

National Historic Preservation Act: A U.S. law passed in 1966 that promotes the preservation of historic properties and includes provisions for the protection of archaeological sites.

Site Stewardship: A practice involving individuals or organizations committed to the protection and management of archaeological sites and resources.