Gesso

Definition

Gesso is a white paint mixture consisting of a binder, usually glue or acrylic, combined with chalk or gypsum, used primarily as a base layer for paintings on wood, canvas, or other surfaces. It serves to prepare the substrate, creating a smooth, absorbent surface that enhances the adhesion of paint and contributes to the overall longevity of the artwork. Gesso also plays a role in protecting the substrate from moisture and other environmental factors that can lead to deterioration.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Gesso can be applied in multiple layers to achieve a desired texture and finish before applying paint.
2. It can be made from different materials, including animal glue or modern acrylic polymer emulsion, allowing for variations in flexibility and absorbency.
3. Gesso not only provides a smooth surface but also helps to prevent the paint from soaking into the substrate, ensuring vibrant color retention.
4. In addition to its use in painting, gesso can also be utilized for mixed media works and sculpture, providing a versatile foundation for various artistic techniques.
5. The application of gesso is a critical step in art conservation and restoration, as it helps maintain the integrity of artworks by providing a protective layer against environmental damage.

Review Questions

• How does gesso contribute to the overall quality and longevity of paintings?
  • Gesso enhances the quality and longevity of paintings by creating a smooth and absorbent base layer that improves paint adhesion. This foundational preparation prevents moisture from damaging the substrate while also allowing colors to appear more vibrant. Additionally, using multiple layers of gesso can provide an artist with control over texture and finish, which ultimately affects how well the artwork ages over time.
• Discuss the differences between traditional gesso made from animal glue and modern acrylic gesso regarding their applications and properties.
  • Traditional gesso is made from a combination of chalk and animal glue, resulting in a rigid surface that is suitable for oil paints but can be less flexible. In contrast, modern acrylic gesso incorporates acrylic polymers that allow for flexibility and a smoother finish. These differences affect how each type interacts with paint layers; traditional gesso can be more absorbent while modern gesso offers quicker drying times and increased resistance to environmental factors.
• Evaluate the importance of gesso in art conservation practices when restoring historical paintings.
  • In art conservation, gesso plays a vital role in restoring historical paintings by providing a protective barrier that stabilizes the underlying substrate. Conservators often assess the existing ground layer's condition before applying new gesso to ensure compatibility with original materials. This careful consideration ensures that any restoration respects the historical integrity of the artwork while enhancing its appearance and durability for future generations.

Related terms

Primer: A preparatory coating applied to a surface before painting, which helps to improve adhesion and enhance the durability of the final paint layer.

Acrylic Medium: A substance used to alter the properties of acrylic paint, such as its consistency, drying time, or finish, allowing for various effects in painting.

Ground:

The surface preparation layer applied before painting, which can include gesso or other materials to create an ideal working surface for artists.