Ara Pacis

Definition

The Ara Pacis, or Altar of Peace, is a monumental altar dedicated to Pax, the Roman goddess of peace, commissioned by the Senate in 13 BCE to honor Emperor Augustus's return from Spain and Gaul. It serves as a key example of Roman art that reflects themes of imperialism, propaganda, and public monuments, illustrating Augustus’s role in establishing peace and stability in the empire through impressive artistic and architectural design.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Ara Pacis was inaugurated on January 30, 9 BCE, and symbolizes the peace and prosperity brought by Augustus’s leadership.
2. The altar is richly decorated with intricate reliefs depicting various scenes, including mythological figures and agricultural themes that emphasize fertility and abundance.
3. The structure is made of white marble and features a rectangular shape surrounded by walls adorned with detailed carvings that convey messages of imperial power and divine favor.
4. The Ara Pacis is located in Rome and was rediscovered in the early 20th century; it has undergone several restorations to preserve its intricate details.
5. The altar not only served a religious function but also acted as a powerful political statement reinforcing Augustus's achievements and the moral values he promoted during his reign.

Review Questions

• How does the Ara Pacis serve as an example of Roman propaganda during Augustus's reign?
  • The Ara Pacis embodies Roman propaganda by portraying Emperor Augustus as a pivotal figure who restored peace and stability after years of civil war. The detailed reliefs depict not only divine figures but also celebrate Augustus's achievements and connect his leadership to prosperity. This strategic use of art aimed to create a positive public image of Augustus and solidify his position as a ruler chosen by the gods.
• Discuss the significance of the relief sculptures found on the Ara Pacis in relation to Roman art and society.
  • The relief sculptures on the Ara Pacis are significant because they highlight key aspects of Roman art, such as realism and idealism, while also reflecting societal values during Augustus's time. These sculptures feature a blend of historical events, mythological references, and symbols of fertility that align with the Augustan ideals of peace and prosperity. They served to communicate political messages about Augustus’s divine right to rule and the benefits of his governance to the people of Rome.
• Evaluate how the architectural design and decorative elements of the Ara Pacis reflect broader themes of imperialism in Ancient Rome.
  • The architectural design and decorative elements of the Ara Pacis are a reflection of broader themes of imperialism by showcasing how art was used to convey power and authority. The grand scale and intricate details demonstrate Rome's architectural prowess while reinforcing Augustus's role as a peacemaker. The use of symbolism through reliefs that celebrate military victories and divine lineage connects Augustus's reign to Rome's expansive imperial ambitions, suggesting that peace was not just an ideal but a product of strong leadership.

Related terms

Pax Romana:

A period of relative peace and stability across the Roman Empire that lasted for approximately 200 years, beginning with the reign of Augustus.

Propaganda:

Information, especially biased or misleading information, used to promote a political cause or point of view, significant in the context of Augustus's reign.

Relief Sculpture: A sculptural technique where figures are raised from a flat background, prominently featured on the Ara Pacis to depict historical and mythological scenes.