Anglo-Saxons

Definition

The Anglo-Saxons were a group of Germanic tribes that settled in England from the 5th century onwards, forming the foundations of English culture and society. They were known for their unique language, social structure, and art, which evolved during a time of significant change due to early Viking raids and other influences from Europe.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Anglo-Saxon period lasted from around the 5th century until the Norman Conquest in 1066, significantly shaping English history and culture.
2. Anglo-Saxon society was largely agrarian, with a strong emphasis on kinship ties and local governance through assemblies known as 'moots.'
3. Their artwork included intricate metalwork and illuminated manuscripts, showcasing their skill in craftsmanship and religious devotion.
4. Christianity spread among the Anglo-Saxons starting in the late 6th century, leading to the establishment of monasteries that became centers of learning and culture.
5. The impact of early Viking raids led to significant changes in Anglo-Saxon England, as they prompted military responses and influenced trade, politics, and even cultural exchanges.

Review Questions

• How did the arrival of the Anglo-Saxons influence the cultural landscape of early medieval England?
  • The arrival of the Anglo-Saxons brought significant changes to the cultural landscape of early medieval England. Their settlement established new forms of governance, social structures, and artistic expressions that defined early English society. The use of Old English as a language fostered a sense of identity and unity among the various tribes, while their art and literature contributed to a rich cultural heritage that would influence later generations.
• Discuss how the political organization of the Anglo-Saxons influenced their ability to respond to Viking raids.
  • The political organization of the Anglo-Saxons was characterized by a heptarchy system with multiple kingdoms, which initially made unified responses to Viking raids challenging. Each kingdom had its own king and military forces, leading to fragmented defenses. However, over time some kingdoms banded together to resist Viking incursions more effectively, demonstrating how political dynamics could shift in response to external threats. This adaptability was crucial in shaping their strategies for survival during the Viking Age.
• Evaluate the long-term effects of Anglo-Saxon culture on England following the Norman Conquest.
  • The long-term effects of Anglo-Saxon culture on England following the Norman Conquest were profound and enduring. Despite the political changes brought by the Normans, many elements of Anglo-Saxon culture persisted, including legal practices, land ownership structures, and local governance traditions. The fusion of Norman and Anglo-Saxon influences laid the groundwork for modern English identity. Additionally, Old English evolved into Middle English through this blending of cultures, continuing to shape the language spoken today.

Related terms

Heptarchy: The political structure of England during the early Anglo-Saxon period, consisting of seven kingdoms: Kent, Mercia, Northumbria, East Anglia, Essex, Sussex, and Wessex.

Old English: The early form of the English language used by the Anglo-Saxons, characterized by its Germanic roots and distinct grammar, which later evolved into Middle English.

Witan: A council of nobles and clergy that advised the Anglo-Saxon kings, playing an important role in governance and decision-making within their kingdoms.