Plymouth Colony

Definition

Plymouth Colony was one of the earliest successful English colonies in North America, established in 1620 by a group of English Pilgrims seeking religious freedom. Located in present-day Massachusetts, it became known for its role in early American history and for the famous event of the First Thanksgiving, symbolizing cooperation between the Pilgrims and Native Americans.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Plymouth Colony was founded by a group of about 100 Pilgrims, who were seeking a place to practice their religious beliefs freely after facing persecution in England.
2. The Pilgrims arrived aboard the Mayflower on November 11, 1620, and signed the Mayflower Compact as a social contract to govern themselves and establish law and order.
3. The first winter in Plymouth was extremely harsh, resulting in significant loss of life due to illness and starvation; nearly half of the original settlers perished.
4. The colony established a friendly relationship with the Wampanoag tribe, led by Chief Massasoit, which helped ensure the survival of the settlers through trade and assistance.
5. Plymouth Colony eventually merged with the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1691, but its legacy continued to influence American culture and values.

Review Questions

• How did the establishment of Plymouth Colony reflect the Pilgrims' desire for religious freedom?
  • The establishment of Plymouth Colony was a direct result of the Pilgrims' quest for religious freedom after facing persecution in England. By sailing to America, they sought to create a community where they could practice their beliefs without interference from the Church of England. The Mayflower Compact further demonstrated their commitment to self-governance and religious autonomy, laying down principles that emphasized cooperation and majority rule among them.
• In what ways did the relationship between the Plymouth colonists and the Wampanoag tribe shape the early years of settlement?
  • The relationship between the Plymouth colonists and the Wampanoag tribe was crucial for the survival of the settlers. The Wampanoag offered essential assistance, including food supplies and knowledge of local agriculture practices, which helped the Pilgrims adapt to their new environment. This cooperation culminated in the First Thanksgiving, symbolizing mutual respect and collaboration between two very different cultures during a challenging period.
• Evaluate the long-term impact of Plymouth Colony on American identity and culture as it evolved into a part of Massachusetts Bay Colony.
  • The long-term impact of Plymouth Colony on American identity and culture is profound, as it established key themes such as self-governance, religious freedom, and community cooperation. Even after its merger with Massachusetts Bay Colony, Plymouth's legacy endured through its narratives about perseverance and thanksgiving. These themes have influenced American values throughout history, contributing to a national identity that cherishes individual liberties and community bonds formed during challenging times.

Related terms

Mayflower Compact:

A foundational document created by the Pilgrims aboard the Mayflower, establishing a basic form of government and promoting self-governance based on majority rule.

Puritans: A religious group that sought to purify the Church of England, many of whom settled in New England, including Plymouth Colony, to escape persecution.

Wampanoag: A Native American tribe that inhabited the area surrounding Plymouth Colony and played a crucial role in the survival of the Pilgrims during their early years.