Wilson administration

Definition

The Wilson administration refers to the presidency of Woodrow Wilson, who served from 1913 to 1921, during which significant events such as World War I shaped American and global history. Wilson’s leadership was marked by his progressive domestic policies and his vision for a new world order based on democracy and collective security, particularly after the United States entered the war in 1917.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Woodrow Wilson's administration focused on progressive reforms, including the establishment of the Federal Reserve System and the Federal Trade Commission.
2. Wilson's decision to enter World War I was influenced by several factors, including unrestricted submarine warfare by Germany and the Zimmerman Telegram.
3. Under Wilson, the U.S. government took a strong stance against dissent, leading to the enforcement of the Espionage Act and the Sedition Act.
4. Wilson advocated for the League of Nations at the end of World War I as a means to prevent future conflicts, although the U.S. Senate ultimately did not ratify the Treaty of Versailles.
5. The Wilson administration saw significant changes in American foreign policy, moving from isolationism toward a more interventionist approach during and after World War I.

Review Questions

• How did Woodrow Wilson's domestic policies during his administration reflect the progressive ideals of the time?
  • Woodrow Wilson's domestic policies were characterized by significant reforms aimed at addressing economic inequality and corporate power. His administration implemented the Federal Reserve Act, which established a central banking system to regulate monetary policy, and the Federal Trade Commission, which sought to prevent unfair business practices. These initiatives aligned with progressive ideals by promoting greater government intervention in the economy to protect consumers and foster competition.
• Evaluate how Wilson's decision to enter World War I changed the trajectory of American foreign policy.
  • Wilson's decision to enter World War I marked a significant shift in American foreign policy from isolationism to international engagement. The rationale behind entering the war was rooted in the belief that it would make the world safe for democracy. This shift resulted in America taking a more active role in global affairs, culminating in Wilson's push for the League of Nations, although it faced resistance domestically. The experience of World War I also set a precedent for future U.S. involvement in international conflicts.
• Assess how Woodrow Wilson's vision for post-war peace, particularly through the Fourteen Points and League of Nations, reflected his broader worldview and its impact on global politics.
  • Woodrow Wilson's vision for post-war peace was grounded in his belief in self-determination, democracy, and collective security. His Fourteen Points outlined principles aimed at creating a more equitable world order, advocating for open diplomacy and freedom of navigation. The establishment of the League of Nations was a direct reflection of his commitment to prevent future wars through cooperation among nations. However, despite these aspirations, Wilson's idealism faced practical challenges as many countries pursued their own national interests, ultimately leading to mixed results in global politics and paving the way for future conflicts.

Related terms

Fourteen Points:

A statement of principles for peace that was used for peace negotiations to end World War I, outlined by Woodrow Wilson in January 1918.

League of Nations:

An international organization founded after World War I as part of the Treaty of Versailles, aimed at promoting peace and cooperation among countries.

Espionage Act of 1917:

A United States federal law passed during World War I that imposed harsh penalties on individuals who interfered with military operations or support for the U.S. war effort.