Washington Irving

Definition

Washington Irving was an influential American author, essayist, and diplomat, often regarded as the first American writer to achieve international fame. His works, such as 'Rip Van Winkle' and 'The Legend of Sleepy Hollow,' contributed significantly to the development of an American literary identity during the early 19th century, showcasing themes of American folklore and character.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Irving was born on April 3, 1783, in New York City and was named after George Washington, reflecting the new nation's emerging identity.
2. His first major work, 'A History of New-York,' published under the pseudonym Diedrich Knickerbocker in 1809, offered a humorous take on Dutch New York and established his reputation.
3. Irving served as the U.S. ambassador to Spain from 1842 to 1846, which influenced some of his later writings that showcased Spanish culture.
4. He is often credited with popularizing the use of American folklore in literature, drawing on local legends and traditions to create relatable narratives.
5. Irving's legacy includes inspiring later American authors such as Nathaniel Hawthorne and Edgar Allan Poe, who further developed the themes and styles he introduced.

Review Questions

• How did Washington Irving's works reflect the values and themes of American Romanticism?
  • Washington Irving's works are a prime example of American Romanticism as they emphasize emotion, nature, and individual experiences. His storytelling often includes elements of the supernatural and explores themes related to American identity and folklore. For instance, in 'Rip Van Winkle,' the protagonist's experiences reflect a deep connection to the changing American landscape and the impact of history on individual lives.
• Discuss the significance of Irving's use of pseudonyms in his writing career and how it shaped his literary identity.
  • Irving's use of pseudonyms, such as Diedrich Knickerbocker, allowed him to create a distinct literary persona that added an element of humor and satire to his work. This approach helped him engage with readers in a more playful manner while also allowing him to critique society. By presenting his stories through these invented characters, he successfully captured the essence of early American culture and traditions while establishing a unique voice in literature.
• Evaluate how Washington Irving's contributions influenced the development of American literature in the context of its growing national identity during the early 19th century.
  • Washington Irving played a crucial role in shaping American literature as it sought to establish its own identity distinct from European influences. By incorporating themes of folklore, local history, and cultural humor into his narratives, Irving paved the way for future writers to explore what it meant to be American. His success also encouraged other authors to write about American themes and experiences, fostering a sense of national pride and literary independence that became essential in defining America's cultural landscape.

Related terms

Romanticism:

A literary and artistic movement that emphasized emotion, nature, and individualism, which heavily influenced Irving's storytelling style.

Knickerbocker School: A group of early 19th-century American writers, including Irving, who were associated with New York and focused on developing a distinct American literature.

American Gothic: A subgenre of fiction characterized by dark themes and settings, which can be seen in some of Irving's works as they explore supernatural elements.