Seventh President of the United States

Definition

The Seventh President of the United States, Andrew Jackson, served from 1829 to 1837 and is best known for his role in expanding executive power and shaping the modern presidency. His administration was marked by significant events such as the Indian Removal Act and the Battle of New Orleans, which showcased his military prowess and populist appeal. Jackson's approach often emphasized a more direct relationship with the American public, challenging existing political norms and institutions.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Jackson was a champion of the 'common man' and believed in expanding democracy by promoting greater participation in government.
2. His presidency saw significant opposition from established political elites, leading to the formation of the Democratic Party as a force for populism.
3. Jackson's use of veto power was notable; he vetoed more bills than all previous presidents combined up until that time.
4. The Indian Removal Act resulted in the infamous Trail of Tears, where thousands of Native Americans were forcibly removed from their lands, leading to widespread suffering and death.
5. Jackson's administration faced economic turmoil, culminating in the Panic of 1837 shortly after he left office, which resulted in a severe recession.

Review Questions

• How did Andrew Jackson's presidency influence the balance of power between the federal government and the states?
  • Andrew Jackson's presidency significantly influenced the balance of power by asserting federal authority during crises like the Nullification Crisis. He believed that states should not have the power to nullify federal laws, as this could lead to disunity. By taking a strong stand against South Carolina's actions, Jackson reinforced the idea that federal law was supreme, setting a precedent for future conflicts over states' rights.
• Evaluate how Jackson's implementation of the Spoils System affected governance and political culture in America.
  • The implementation of the Spoils System under Andrew Jackson transformed American governance and political culture by prioritizing loyalty over merit in public office. This shift allowed Jackson to consolidate power and reward supporters, but it also led to increased corruption and inefficiency within government agencies. As a result, political patronage became a significant feature of American politics, raising questions about accountability and public service.
• Assess the long-term impacts of Andrew Jackson's policies on Native American communities and how they shaped U.S. history.
  • The long-term impacts of Andrew Jackson's policies on Native American communities were profound and devastating. The Indian Removal Act led to forced relocations that caused immense suffering and loss of life during events like the Trail of Tears. These policies not only decimated Native populations but also set a precedent for future U.S. expansionist policies that disregarded indigenous rights. The repercussions of these actions continue to influence U.S. relations with Native American tribes and shape discussions around sovereignty and reparative justice in contemporary society.

Related terms

Indian Removal Act:

A law passed in 1830 that authorized the forced relocation of Native American tribes living east of the Mississippi River to designated territories west of the river.

Spoils System:

A practice initiated by Jackson where government jobs were awarded to political supporters, reinforcing loyalty to his administration and changing the political landscape.

Nullification Crisis:

A confrontation between South Carolina and the federal government during Jackson's presidency, centered on state rights and the state's attempt to nullify federal tariffs.