Independence

Definition

Independence refers to the state of being free from the control or influence of others, particularly in a political context. This concept is central to the American experience, as the colonies sought to break away from British rule, asserting their own governance and rights. The quest for independence was driven by a combination of social, political, and economic factors, leading to revolutionary ideals that shaped a new national identity.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Declaration of Independence, adopted on July 4, 1776, was a formal statement proclaiming the colonies' separation from British rule and outlining their foundational principles.
2. Independence was heavily influenced by Enlightenment ideas about individual rights and government by consent, championed by thinkers like John Locke.
3. The phrase 'no taxation without representation' became a rallying cry for those seeking independence, highlighting the colonists' frustrations with British policies.
4. The American Revolutionary War was fought from 1775 to 1783, resulting in recognition of American independence by Great Britain through the Treaty of Paris in 1783.
5. The pursuit of independence not only reshaped the political landscape of America but also inspired other countries and colonies seeking freedom from imperial rule around the world.

Review Questions

• How did Enlightenment ideas contribute to the American push for independence?
  • Enlightenment thinkers such as John Locke introduced concepts like natural rights and government by consent, which greatly influenced the colonists' views on independence. These ideas suggested that individuals are entitled to life, liberty, and property, and that governments derive their power from the consent of the governed. This philosophical foundation fueled arguments against British authority and legitimized the desire for self-governance.
• Discuss the impact of 'no taxation without representation' on the colonies' fight for independence.
  • 'No taxation without representation' encapsulated colonial grievances against British taxation policies, highlighting their lack of political voice in Parliament. This sentiment united various colonial groups against perceived injustices and laid the groundwork for resistance. As taxes were levied without their input, colonists began to view independence not just as desirable but necessary for securing their rights and freedoms.
• Evaluate how the outcome of the American Revolutionary War shaped global movements for independence in subsequent years.
  • The successful quest for independence by the American colonies set a powerful precedent for other nations seeking self-determination. The ideals expressed in the Declaration of Independence inspired revolutionary movements worldwide, influencing events such as the French Revolution and Latin American wars of independence. The emergence of a new nation committed to principles of democracy and individual rights encouraged similar aspirations among oppressed peoples around the globe, establishing a ripple effect that challenged colonialism throughout history.

Related terms

Sovereignty: The authority of a state to govern itself or another state, emphasizing political independence and autonomy.

Self-Determination: The principle that a group has the right to determine its own political status and pursue its own economic, social, and cultural development.

Decolonization: The process by which colonies gain independence from colonial powers, often involving significant political and social upheaval.