American Empire Building

Definition

American Empire Building refers to the expansionist policies and practices adopted by the United States from the late 19th century into the early 20th century, aiming to extend its influence and control over territories and peoples beyond its continental borders. This period marked a shift in American foreign policy, reflecting a growing belief in Manifest Destiny and the perceived need for economic and military expansion as the U.S. sought to establish itself as a global power.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. American Empire Building was characterized by both territorial acquisitions and economic domination, leading to the U.S. becoming a colonial power.
2. Key events that exemplify this era include the annexation of Hawaii in 1898, which served as a strategic military base in the Pacific.
3. The ideology of American exceptionalism fueled expansionist sentiment, suggesting that the U.S. had a unique role to play in promoting democracy and civilization.
4. The impact of American Empire Building was felt globally, as it involved not only military action but also cultural and economic influences over newly acquired territories.
5. Resistance from indigenous populations and other nations highlighted the conflicts arising from American expansionism, leading to both uprisings and diplomatic tensions.

Review Questions

• How did the concept of Manifest Destiny influence American Empire Building during the late 19th century?
  • The concept of Manifest Destiny played a crucial role in motivating American Empire Building by promoting the belief that it was America's divine right to expand its territory and spread its values. This ideology encouraged many Americans to view territorial expansion as both justified and necessary for the nation's growth. It fostered a sense of national pride and urgency to extend U.S. influence, driving policies that led to overseas acquisitions and interventions.
• Analyze the effects of the Spanish-American War on American foreign policy and its role in establishing the United States as an empire.
  • The Spanish-American War marked a significant turning point in American foreign policy by demonstrating the U.S.'s willingness to engage militarily beyond its borders. The victory over Spain not only resulted in territorial gains such as Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines but also established the U.S. as an emerging global power. This conflict showcased America's new imperial ambitions and shifted its foreign policy towards interventionism, influencing future engagements in Latin America and Asia.
• Evaluate how American Empire Building affected international relations during this period and contributed to conflicts with other nations.
  • American Empire Building significantly influenced international relations by heightening tensions with other powers, particularly in regions like Asia and Latin America. The pursuit of open markets and territories often clashed with established imperial powers, leading to conflicts such as those over control in China under the Open Door Policy. Additionally, resistance from colonized peoples sparked uprisings and challenges to U.S. authority, complicating diplomatic relations. These dynamics laid the groundwork for future geopolitical struggles that emerged in the 20th century.

Related terms

Manifest Destiny:

The 19th-century doctrine that it was the divine right and duty of the United States to expand its territory across North America.

Spanish-American War:

A conflict in 1898 between Spain and the United States, resulting in U.S. acquisition of territories like Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines.

Open Door Policy:

A diplomatic policy proposed by the U.S. in 1899 to ensure equal trading rights for all nations in China and protect U.S. interests in Asia.