Action Potential: The brief electrical impulse generated by a neuron when it receives enough stimulation from its surroundings. This impulse travels down the axon, allowing communication between neurons.
Neurotransmitters: Chemical messengers that transmit signals between neurons. They are released from the axon terminals of one neuron and bind to receptors on another neuron, facilitating communication.
Synaptic Plasticity: The ability of synapses (connections between neurons) to strengthen or weaken over time based on patterns of neural activity. It is fundamental for learning and memory processes.