A uniform rod refers to a long, slender object with consistent mass distribution along its length, resulting in equal mass per unit length.
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The center of mass is the point within an object where its entire mass can be considered concentrated for certain calculations.
The moment of inertia measures how resistant an object is to changes in its rotational motion and depends on both mass distribution and shape.
Torque is the twisting force applied to an object that causes it to rotate around an axis. For example, pushing down on one end of a uniform rod will create torque and cause it to rotate around its center.