Temperature gradient refers to the change in temperature per unit distance. It measures how quickly or slowly temperature changes across a given space.
Imagine you have a hot cup of coffee and you place a spoon in it. The handle of the spoon will feel cooler than the tip because there is a temperature gradient along the length of the spoon.
Thermal conductivity: The ability of a material to conduct heat.
Thermal equilibrium: When two objects are at the same temperature and no heat flows between them.
Conduction: The transfer of heat through direct contact between particles or objects.
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