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Light
Spontaneous emission is the process by which an excited atom or molecule releases excess energy as a photon without any external stimulation.
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Fluorescence: The emission of light by a substance that has absorbed photons and re-emits them at longer wavelengths.
Phosphorescence: Similar to fluorescence but with a delayed emission of light after the excitation source is removed.
Radiative Decay: The process where an excited state decays back to its ground state by emitting electromagnetic radiation.