A diffraction grating is a device that consists of a large number of equally spaced parallel slits or lines, which can diffract light into its component wavelengths.
Imagine a picket fence with evenly spaced gaps between each picket. When you shine a flashlight through the fence, the light gets diffracted and spreads out into different colors, just like how a diffraction grating separates white light into its individual colors.
Interference: The phenomenon that occurs when two or more waves overlap and either reinforce or cancel each other out.
Wavelength: The distance between two consecutive points in a wave that are in phase with each other.
Spectrometer: An instrument that uses a diffraction grating to separate and measure the wavelengths of light.
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