| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| antecedent | The first phrase of a period that ends with an inconclusive cadence, setting up expectation for resolution. |
| conclusive cadence | A cadence that provides a strong sense of harmonic repose and finality, typically ending on the tonic. |
| consequent | The second phrase of a period that provides stronger harmonic repose and typically ends with a conclusive cadence. |
| contrast | The juxtaposition of dissimilar melodic phrases to create distinction and highlight differences. |
| contrasting period | A period in which the two phrases are melodically contrasting while maintaining the antecedent-consequent harmonic relationship. |
| inconclusive cadence | A cadence that does not provide a sense of finality or completion, typically ending on a non-tonic harmony. |
| literal repetition | A motivic transformation procedure in which a motive is repeated exactly without change. |
| melodic relationships | The connections between melodies in different phrases, such as similarity, variation, or contrast. |
| melodically contrasting | Phrases that differ significantly in their melodic content, creating variety and interest. |
| parallel period | A period in which the two phrases are melodically similar while maintaining the antecedent-consequent harmonic relationship. |
| period | A musical structure consisting of two phrases that combine to create a complete harmonic and melodic unit. |
| phrases | Complete musical utterances that form syntactical units in music and typically conclude with a cadence. |
| unity | The musical quality of coherence and cohesion created when phrases sound similar to one another. |
| varied repetition | A restatement of a musical phrase with some melodic, rhythmic, or harmonic modifications while maintaining its essential character. |
| variety | The musical quality of diversity and interest created when phrases sound dissimilar to one another. |
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Aeolian | The sixth mode, equivalent to the natural minor scale, with the pattern of intervals: whole, half, whole, whole, half, whole, whole. |
| Dorian | The second mode, characterized by a minor quality with a raised sixth scale degree compared to natural minor. |
| Ionian | The first mode, equivalent to the major scale, with the pattern of intervals: whole, whole, half, whole, whole, whole, half. |
| Locrian | The seventh mode, characterized by a diminished quality with both a lowered second and fifth scale degree compared to the major scale. |
| Lydian | The fourth mode, characterized by a major quality with a raised fourth scale degree compared to the major scale. |
| melodic passages | Sequences of individual notes or pitches that form a recognizable musical line or tune. |
| Mixolydian | The fifth mode, characterized by a major quality with a lowered seventh scale degree compared to the major scale. |
| Phrygian | The third mode, characterized by a minor quality with a lowered second scale degree, giving it a Spanish or exotic sound. |
| scales | Ordered sequences of pitches arranged in ascending or descending order, forming the basis for melodic and harmonic content in music. |
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| bridge | A contrasting section in a musical piece that typically appears in the middle, connecting different sections and often leading to a return of earlier material. |
| chorus | A section of music that repeats with the same lyrics and melody, typically containing the main hook or memorable idea of a song. |
| coda | A concluding section added at the end of a musical piece to provide closure or extend the ending. |
| codetta | A short concluding section or passage, typically smaller than a coda, used to end a piece or section of music. |
| interlude | A section of music that occurs between other sections, often providing contrast or transition within a piece. |
| introduction | An opening section of a musical piece that typically establishes the musical context before the main material begins. |
| refrain | A recurring section or phrase that repeats at intervals throughout a musical piece. |
| verse | A section of music that typically contains lyrics or melodic material that changes with each repetition, often contrasting with the chorus. |