Major-minor 7th chord (Mm or dominant-7th)

Definition

A major-minor 7th chord, also known as a dominant 7th chord, consists of a major triad plus a minor seventh. This chord is often used in music to create tension that resolves to the tonic, making it a key component in various harmonic progressions. The distinct sound comes from the combination of a bright major quality with the darker minor seventh interval, which gives it a unique character and drives musical narratives forward.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The major-minor 7th chord is built from the root note, major third, perfect fifth, and minor seventh intervals.
2. In classical harmony, the dominant 7th chord typically resolves down by a fifth or up by a fourth to the tonic chord.
3. The use of the dominant 7th chord is essential in establishing key centers and guiding harmonic movement.
4. This chord is commonly found in many genres, including jazz and blues, where it contributes to the characteristic sound.
5. When altered (e.g., with raised or lowered fifths or ninths), the dominant 7th chord can produce additional color and complexity in music.

Review Questions

• How does the major-minor 7th chord function within harmonic progressions?
  • The major-minor 7th chord functions primarily as a dominant chord, creating tension that anticipates resolution to the tonic. Its structure combines both major and minor qualities, allowing it to effectively lead into more stable chords. By resolving down by a fifth or up by a fourth, this chord helps establish key centers and guides listeners through harmonic changes.
• Discuss how the inclusion of the minor seventh alters the character of the major triad in the major-minor 7th chord.
  • The inclusion of the minor seventh introduces dissonance to the major triad, which otherwise has a bright and stable sound. This contrast creates a complex emotional quality that enhances musical expression. The minor seventh acts as an important voice-leading element, contributing to tension that seeks resolution. This combination allows composers and musicians to explore richer harmonic textures.
• Evaluate the role of the major-minor 7th chord in various musical genres and its impact on tonal music.
  • The major-minor 7th chord plays a crucial role across multiple genres, particularly in tonal music where it serves as a pivotal element for establishing tension and resolution. In jazz and blues, this chord often appears with alterations that expand its function beyond classical norms. Its ability to provide color and depth has shaped harmonic language throughout history, influencing how music is composed and experienced. Its significance can be seen in its widespread application, making it foundational for both functional harmony and expressive performance.

Related terms

Dominant Function:

The role of the dominant chord in harmony, which is to create tension that resolves to the tonic chord.

Seventh Chord: A chord that includes the root, third, fifth, and seventh degrees of a scale, expanding harmonic possibilities beyond triads.

Resolution:

The movement from a dissonant chord to a consonant chord, often creating a sense of closure in music.