Tone shifts refer to changes in the author's attitude towards a subject within a literary work. They can occur when there is a shift from one emotion or perspective to another.
Imagine listening to music that starts off slow and melancholic but suddenly transitions into an upbeat and joyful tune. Tone shifts in literature are similar - they change the emotional atmosphere of a text just like how musical shifts can change our mood.
Mood: The emotional atmosphere or feeling created by a literary work.
Foreshadowing: Hints or clues that suggest future events in a story.
Irony: A contrast between what is expected and what actually happens.
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