Carthago delenda est

Definition

Carthago delenda est, which translates to 'Carthage must be destroyed,' is a phrase that captures the intense animosity and strategic mindset of Rome toward its rival, Carthage, especially during the Punic Wars. This phrase reflects the Roman sentiment that the only solution to the threat posed by Carthage was its complete obliteration. The idea became a rallying cry for many Romans who believed in the necessity of ensuring that Carthage could never rise again to challenge Roman power.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The phrase is attributed to Cato the Elder, a Roman senator, who would end his speeches with 'Carthago delenda est' to emphasize the need for action against Carthage.
2. Carthago delenda est encapsulates the ideology of Roman expansionism and the belief that threats must be eliminated completely to ensure safety.
3. The phrase gained prominence during the latter stages of the Second Punic War when Rome faced significant military challenges from Hannibal.
4. The eventual destruction of Carthage in 146 BC marked not only the end of the Third Punic War but also solidified Rome's dominance in the Mediterranean region.
5. The legacy of Carthago delenda est continues to be referenced in discussions about war, rivalry, and political strategy in modern contexts.

Review Questions

• How did the phrase 'Carthago delenda est' reflect Roman attitudes toward military conflict?
  • 'Carthago delenda est' reflected a prevailing Roman belief that any rival power must be completely destroyed to ensure security. This phrase was a reflection of their aggressive military stance and their resolve to eliminate threats permanently. It embodied the mindset that anything less than total victory could result in future dangers, showcasing Rome's commitment to expansion and dominance.
• Discuss how Cato the Elder used 'Carthago delenda est' in his political rhetoric and its impact on Roman policy.
  • 'Carthago delenda est' was frequently used by Cato the Elder to reinforce his arguments for a war against Carthage. By consistently emphasizing this sentiment in his speeches, he influenced public opinion and policy towards a more aggressive stance against their rival. This relentless advocacy ultimately contributed to escalating tensions between Rome and Carthage, setting the stage for further conflict and eventual military engagement.
• Evaluate the significance of 'Carthago delenda est' in shaping Rome's strategy during the Punic Wars and its implications for future military conflicts.
  • 'Carthago delenda est' had profound implications for Rome's strategic approach during the Punic Wars. It encapsulated a philosophy of total warfare, where achieving complete destruction of an enemy was seen as essential for lasting peace and security. This mindset not only guided military campaigns against Carthage but also established a precedent for how Rome would engage with future adversaries, often prioritizing total annihilation over negotiation or compromise.

Related terms

Punic Wars:

A series of three conflicts fought between Rome and Carthage from 264 BC to 146 BC, marking a pivotal struggle for control over the western Mediterranean.

Scipio Africanus: A prominent Roman general who played a crucial role in defeating Carthage during the Second Punic War, notably at the Battle of Zama.

Hannibal Barca:

A Carthaginian general known for his tactical genius, particularly for his daring crossing of the Alps to invade Italy during the Second Punic War.