| arrangement | The order and positioning of grammatical elements (clauses, phrases, and words) within a sentence to create specific effects. |
| arrangement of sentences | The order and sequence in which sentences are placed within a text to create specific effects on meaning and emphasis. |
| balance | The rhetorical effect created when a writer presents ideas of equal weight or importance in a sentence or argument. |
| boldface | A heavier, darker typeface used as a design feature to create emphasis or draw attention to specific text. |
| clause | A group of words containing a subject and predicate that functions as part of a sentence. |
| colons | Punctuation marks used to introduce information, lists, or explanations and to indicate purpose in writing. |
| commas | Punctuation marks used to separate elements within a sentence, clarify meaning, and organize information. |
| coordination | A sentence structure technique that uses conjunctions to connect ideas of equal importance, presenting them as having similar weight or significance. |
| dashes | Punctuation marks used to emphasize information, supplement ideas, and create emphasis in a sentence. |
| design features | Typographical and formatting elements used in written text to enhance meaning and create visual effects. |
| emphasis | Special importance or prominence given to particular ideas through deliberate choices in text structure and organization. |
| end marks | Punctuation marks (periods, question marks, exclamation points) that conclude sentences and contribute to tone and emphasis. |
| equality | The state of having the same weight, importance, or grammatical status, as illustrated through coordinated sentence structures. |
| hyphens | Punctuation marks used to connect words and clarify meaning in compound constructions. |
| imbalance | A lack of equality or proportion between ideas, often emphasized through sentence structure to show that one idea is more significant than another. |
| independent clause | A clause that expresses a complete thought and can stand alone as a sentence. |
| inequality | A state of being unequal or not having the same weight or importance, which writers can illustrate through the grammatical choices they make in sentence construction. |
| italics | A slanted typeface used as a design feature to create emphasis or highlight specific words or phrases. |
| parentheses | Punctuation marks used to supplement information and provide additional clarification within a sentence. |
| phrase | Groups of related words that function together but lack a subject-predicate combination; used to add detail and modify meaning in sentences. |
| punctuation | Marks and symbols used in writing (such as periods, commas, semicolons, dashes) that writers use strategically to clarify meaning and show relationships between ideas. |
| quotation marks | Punctuation marks used to indicate direct speech or quoted material and to contribute to a writer's purpose. |
| relationships among ideas | The connections and logical associations between different concepts or thoughts within a sentence, demonstrated through strategic punctuation choices. |
| semicolons | Punctuation marks used to connect related independent clauses and organize complex ideas. |
| sentence | Units of written expression that convey complete ideas and consist of one or more clauses. |
| subordination | A sentence structure technique that uses dependent clauses to show that one idea is less important than another, establishing a hierarchical relationship between ideas. |
| tone | The writer's attitude or feeling about a subject, conveyed through word choice and writing style. |
| writer's purpose | The intended goal or effect a writer aims to achieve through their writing, such as to persuade, inform, or clarify. |