Decentralization: Decentralization involves transferring power and decision-making authority from central governments to lower levels such as regional or local governments.
Devolution: Devolution is when certain powers and responsibilities are transferred from one level of government (usually central) to another (often regional or local).
Federation: In a federation, power is shared between multiple levels of government, usually with some degree of autonomy given to subnational units such as states or provinces.