Flying buttresses: These are arched supports on the outside of gothic cathedrals that help distribute the weight of the walls and roof, allowing for taller and more open interiors.
Pointed arches: Arches with pointed tops used in gothic architecture. They provide structural stability and allow for greater height.
Ribbed vaults: Intricately designed ceilings made up of intersecting stone ribs that create a strong support system while adding visual appeal.