Spatial Analysis: Spatial analysis is the process of examining patterns and relationships within geographic data. It helps geographers understand how different phenomena are distributed across space.
Remote Sensing: Remote sensing involves collecting data about Earth's surface from a distance, typically using satellites or aircraft. It allows researchers to study large areas without physically being there.
Geographic Information System (GIS): GIS is a computer system that captures, stores, analyzes, and displays geographic data. It enables users to visualize spatial relationships between different layers of information.